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1 in alto loco
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2 loco
* * ** * *locoin loco/in'lɔko/agg. e avv.in situ, on the premises; in alto loco in high places. -
3 poner
v.1 to put.Ella puso el mantel She set the tablecloth.Ella puso su mejor esfuerzo She exerted her best effort.2 to give, to set (asignar) (tarea, examen).le pusieron Mario they called him Mariole pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam3 to switch or put on (conectar) (televisión, radio).4 to send (comunicar) (telegrama, fax).¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him? (peninsular Spanish)5 to show (Cine, Teatro & TV).¿qué ponen en la tele? what's on the telly?6 to set up.ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shopponer la mesa to lay the table7 to do up.han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style8 to put in.poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the businessponer algo de mi/tu/etc. parte to do my/your/etc bitponer mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) somethingPonga más sal Put in more salt.9 to suppose.pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happenedpon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five daysponiendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan10 to say (decir). (peninsular Spanish)¿qué pone ahí? what does it say?11 to lay (eggs) (ave).12 to make, to render, to turn, to get.13 to apply, to put on.Ella puso desinfectante She applied disinfectant.14 to lay eggs, to lay.La gallina puso The hen laid eggs.15 to say about.* * *Present Indicativepongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponen.Past IndicativeFuture IndicativeConditionalPresent SubjunctiveImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperativePast Participlepuesto,-a.* * *verb1) to put2) place3) set4) set up, establish5) add6) switch on, put on7) lay8) install•- ponerse* * *Para las expresiones poner cuidado, poner en duda, poner por las nubes, poner a parir, poner como un trapo, poner verde, poner de vuelta y media, poner por testigo, ponerse por delante, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO TRANSITIVO1) (=colocar, situar) to put¿dónde pongo mis cosas? — where shall I put my things?
ponle un poco de mantequilla y verás qué bueno — put some butter in it and you'll see how good it is
•
poner algo [aparte] — to put sth aside, put sth to one side•
ponlo en su [sitio] — put it back2) [+ ropa, calzado] to put on3) (=añadir) to addponle más sal — add some salt, put some more salt in it
4) (=aplicar, administrar) to put5) (=disponer, preparar)•
poner la [mesa] — to lay {o} set the table6) (=instalar)a) [+ teléfono, calefacción] to put inb) [+ tienda] to open; [+ casa] to furnish7) (=exponer)ponlo al sol — leave {o} put it out in the sun
8) (=hacer funcionar) [+ radio, televisión, calefacción] to put on, turn on; [+ disco] to put on, play¿pongo música? — shall I put some music on?
9) (=ajustar) [+ despertador] to set•
poner el reloj [en hora] — to put one's watch right•
ponlo [más alto] — turn it up10) (=adoptar)¿por qué pones esa voz tan tonta? — why are you speaking in that silly voice?
•
¡no pongas esa [cara]! — don't look at me like that!11) (=volver) + adj, adv to makepara no ponerle de mal humor — so as not to make him cross, so as not to put him in a bad mood
¡cómo te han puesto! — (=te han manchado) look what a mess you are!; (=te han pegado) they've given you a right thumping!
12) (=servir)¿qué te pongo? — what can I get you?, what would you like?
¿me pones más patatas? — could I have some more potatoes?
13) (=conectar por teléfono) to put through¿me pone con el Sr. García, por favor? — could you put me through to Mr García, please?
14) (=exhibir)¿qué ponen en el cine? — what's on at the cinema?
¿ponen alguna película esta noche? — is there a film on tonight?
15) (=enviar) to send16) (=escribir) to put¿qué pongo en la carta? — what shall I put in the letter?
¿te has acordado de poner el remite? — did you remember to put the return address on it?
17) (=decir, estar escrito) to say¿qué pone aquí? — what does it say here?
18) (=imponer) [+ examen, trabajo] to give, setnos pone mucho trabajo — he gives {o} sets us a lot of work
•
me han puesto una [multa] — I've been fined, I've been given a fine19) (=oponer) [+ inconvenientes] to raise•
le pone [peros] a todo — he's always finding fault with everything20) (=aportar, contribuir)[+ dinero]yo pongo el dinero pero ella escoge — I do the paying, but she does the choosing
21) (=invertir) to put in22) (=apostar)23) (=llamar) to call¿qué nombre {o} cómo le van a poner? — what are they going to call him?, what name are they giving him?
24) (=criticar, alabar)•
te puso muy [bien] ante el jefe — she was very nice about you to the boss•
¡[cómo] te han puesto! — (=te han criticado) they had a real go at you!; (=te han alabado) they were really nice about you!•
tu cuñada te ha puesto muy [mal] — your sister-in-law was very nasty about you25) (=tildar)•
poner a algn [de], la han puesto de idiota para arriba — they called her an idiot and worse26) (=suponer)•
pongamos [que] ganas la lotería — suppose {o} supposing you win the lotteryponiendo que... — supposing that...
27)• poner a algn [a] + infin —
nada más llegar nos pusieron a barrer — no sooner had we arrived than we were set to sweeping the floor
28)• poner a Juan [bien] con Pedro — to make things up between Juan and Pedro
•
poner a Juan [mal] con Pedro — to make Juan fall out with Pedro, cause a rift between Juan and Pedro29) [en trabajo]•
poner a algn [de], puso a su hija de sirvienta — she got her daughter a job as a servant30)31) [gallina] [+ huevos] to lay2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) [aves] to lay (eggs)2) (=apostar)3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( colocar) to putlo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class
b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put2) ( agregar) to put¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?
¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?
3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?
4) <inyección/supositorio> to give5)poner la mesa — to lay o set the table
6)a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to openb) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to installc) cerradura/armario to fit8) (Esp) (servir, dar)¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?
póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please
¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?
9)a) ( contribuir)b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take11)b) ( oponer)no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections
a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything
¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?
¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?
le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'
14) ( escribir) to put15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?
¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)19) ( adoptar) cara/voz20)a) ( hacer empezar)poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework
b)poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example
21) ( suponer)pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...
pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong
ponerle — (esp AmL)
¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours
22)a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put onpuso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine
b) (ajustar, graduar)23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)en seguida le pongo — I'm just putting you through o connecting you
poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody
2.¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?
vi gallina to lay3.1) ponerse v pron2)a) (refl) ( colocarse)pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade
ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree
se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)
se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head
b) (Esp) ( llegar)3) sol to set4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put onme puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace
5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!
6)a) ( empezar)ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf
se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain
b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)
yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred
7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you
* * *= affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.Ex. Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.Ex. One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.Ex. If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.Ex. By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex. The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.Ex. In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.Ex. There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex. The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.Ex. Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.Ex. The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.----* con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.* cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.* de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].* no poner en duda = be unquestioned.* poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.* poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.* poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.* poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.* poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.* poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.* poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.* poner a disposición = keep within + reach.* poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.* poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.* poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.* poner al alcance = bring within + reach.* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.* poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.* poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.* poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.* poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.* poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.* poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.* poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* poner al revés = upend.* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.* poner a + Número = set to + Número.* poner aparte = set + apart.* poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.* poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.* poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.* poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.* poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* poner carnada = bait.* poner cebo = bait.* poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.* poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.* poner delante de = lay before.* poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.* poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.* poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].* poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.* poner de pie = stand + upright.* poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.* poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.* poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.* poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.* poner el candado = padlock.* poner el centro de atención = put + focus.* poner el colofón final = bookend.* poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.* poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.* poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.* poner el énfasis = put + focus.* poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.* poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.* poner el precio = price.* poner el sello = stamp.* poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.* poner el sello de = rubber stamp.* poner empeño = strive.* poner en adobo = marinade.* poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en alquiler = rent out.* poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner encima = top with.* poner en circulación = circulate.* poner en claro = clear up.* poner en cola = queue.* poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.* poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.* poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].* poner en cuarentena = quarantine.* poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.* poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.* poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.* poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.* poner en el haber de = credit.* poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.* poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.* poner en escena = stage.* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.* poner énfasis = put + emphasis.* poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.* poner en forma = buff up.* poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.* poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).* poner en garantía = pawn.* poner en hielo = ice.* poner en juego = tap.* poner en la calle = evict.* poner en la pared = pin up.* poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.* poner en libertad = release from + jail.* poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.* poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.* poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.* poner en órbita = place into + orbit.* poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.* poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.* poner en préstamo = circulate.* poner en primer plano = foreground.* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* poner en remojo = steep.* poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.* poner en riesgo = put at + risk.* poner en su sitio = put in + place.* poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.* poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.* poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.* poner entre corchetes = bracket.* poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.* poner entre paréntesis = bracket.* poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.* poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.* poner en venta = put on + sale.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.* poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.* poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.* poner freno = curb.* poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.* poner guiones = hyphenate.* poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.* poner impuestos = impose + VAT.* poner la brida = bridle.* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.* poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.* poner la fecha = date-stamp.* poner la mesa = lay + the table.* poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.* poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.* poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.* poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.* poner las esposas = handcuff.* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.* ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.* ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.* ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.* poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.* poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.* poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.* poner más fuerte = crank up.* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.* poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.* poner nervioso = rattle.* poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.* poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.* poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.* poner objeciones = object.* poner objeciones a = object to.* poner obstáculos = cramp.* poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.* poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.* poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.* poner parches = patch up, patch.* poner patas arriba = upend.* poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.* poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.* poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.* poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.* poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.* poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner sal = salt.* ponerse = don, pull on, wax.* ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.* ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.* ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.* ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.* ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.* ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.* ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.* ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.* ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.* ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.* ponerse borroso = blur.* ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse + Color = go + Color.* ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).* ponerse del lado de = side with.* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.* ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.* ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.* ponerse de parte de = side with.* ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.* ponerse de punta = stand out.* ponerse, el = donning, the.* ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.* ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.* ponerse en contacto = make + contact.* ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.* ponerse en contra de = turn against.* ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse enfermo = get + sick.* ponerse en fila = line up.* ponerse en forma = get + fit.* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.* ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.* ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.* ponerse en tensión = tense up.* ponerse firme = stand to + attention.* ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.* ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.* ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse gallito = bluster.* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.* ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).* ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.* ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.* ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.* ponerse marrón = turn + brown.* ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.* ponerse rígido = stiffen.* ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse seriamente a = settle to.* ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.* ponerse tibio = pig out (on).* ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.* poner sobre aviso = alert to.* poner término a = put + paid to.* poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.* poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.* poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner trabas = cramp.* poner una bomba = plant + bomb.* poner una demanda = face + legal action.* poner una denuncia = file + police report.* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.* poner una reclamación = appeal.* poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.* poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.* poner un círculo alrededor = circle.* poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.* poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.* poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).* poner un poquito de picante = pep up.* poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.* poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.* poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.* poner y quitar = get on and off.* pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.* pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.* precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.* quita o pon = give or take.* sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.* sin poner en escena = unproduced.* sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.* sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.* sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.* sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( colocar) to putlo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class
b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put2) ( agregar) to put¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?
¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?
3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?
4) <inyección/supositorio> to give5)poner la mesa — to lay o set the table
6)a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to openb) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to installc) cerradura/armario to fit8) (Esp) (servir, dar)¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?
póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please
¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?
9)a) ( contribuir)b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take11)b) ( oponer)no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections
a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything
¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?
¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?
le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'
14) ( escribir) to put15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?
¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)19) ( adoptar) cara/voz20)a) ( hacer empezar)poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework
b)poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example
21) ( suponer)pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...
pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong
ponerle — (esp AmL)
¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours
22)a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put onpuso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine
b) (ajustar, graduar)23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)en seguida le pongo — I'm just putting you through o connecting you
poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody
2.¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?
vi gallina to lay3.1) ponerse v pron2)a) (refl) ( colocarse)pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade
ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree
se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)
se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head
b) (Esp) ( llegar)3) sol to set4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put onme puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace
5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!
6)a) ( empezar)ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf
se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain
b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)
yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred
7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you
* * *= affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.Ex: Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.
Ex: One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.Ex: If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.Ex: By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex: The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.Ex: In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.Ex: There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex: The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.Ex: Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.Ex: The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.* con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.* cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.* de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].* no poner en duda = be unquestioned.* poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.* poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.* poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.* poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.* poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.* poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.* poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.* poner a disposición = keep within + reach.* poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.* poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.* poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.* poner al alcance = bring within + reach.* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.* poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.* poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.* poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.* poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.* poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.* poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.* poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* poner al revés = upend.* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.* poner a + Número = set to + Número.* poner aparte = set + apart.* poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.* poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.* poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.* poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.* poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* poner carnada = bait.* poner cebo = bait.* poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.* poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.* poner delante de = lay before.* poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.* poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.* poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].* poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.* poner de pie = stand + upright.* poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.* poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.* poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.* poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.* poner el candado = padlock.* poner el centro de atención = put + focus.* poner el colofón final = bookend.* poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.* poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.* poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.* poner el énfasis = put + focus.* poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.* poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.* poner el precio = price.* poner el sello = stamp.* poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.* poner el sello de = rubber stamp.* poner empeño = strive.* poner en adobo = marinade.* poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en alquiler = rent out.* poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner encima = top with.* poner en circulación = circulate.* poner en claro = clear up.* poner en cola = queue.* poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.* poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.* poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].* poner en cuarentena = quarantine.* poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.* poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.* poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.* poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.* poner en el haber de = credit.* poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.* poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.* poner en escena = stage.* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.* poner énfasis = put + emphasis.* poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.* poner en forma = buff up.* poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.* poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).* poner en garantía = pawn.* poner en hielo = ice.* poner en juego = tap.* poner en la calle = evict.* poner en la pared = pin up.* poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.* poner en libertad = release from + jail.* poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.* poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.* poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.* poner en órbita = place into + orbit.* poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.* poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.* poner en préstamo = circulate.* poner en primer plano = foreground.* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* poner en remojo = steep.* poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.* poner en riesgo = put at + risk.* poner en su sitio = put in + place.* poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.* poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.* poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.* poner entre corchetes = bracket.* poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.* poner entre paréntesis = bracket.* poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.* poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.* poner en venta = put on + sale.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.* poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.* poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.* poner freno = curb.* poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.* poner guiones = hyphenate.* poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.* poner impuestos = impose + VAT.* poner la brida = bridle.* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.* poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.* poner la fecha = date-stamp.* poner la mesa = lay + the table.* poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.* poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.* poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.* poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.* poner las esposas = handcuff.* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.* ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.* ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.* ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.* poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.* poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.* poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.* poner más fuerte = crank up.* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.* poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.* poner nervioso = rattle.* poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.* poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.* poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.* poner objeciones = object.* poner objeciones a = object to.* poner obstáculos = cramp.* poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.* poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.* poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.* poner parches = patch up, patch.* poner patas arriba = upend.* poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.* poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.* poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.* poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.* poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.* poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner sal = salt.* ponerse = don, pull on, wax.* ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.* ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.* ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.* ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.* ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.* ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.* ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.* ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.* ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.* ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.* ponerse borroso = blur.* ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse + Color = go + Color.* ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).* ponerse del lado de = side with.* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.* ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.* ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.* ponerse de parte de = side with.* ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.* ponerse de punta = stand out.* ponerse, el = donning, the.* ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.* ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.* ponerse en contacto = make + contact.* ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.* ponerse en contra de = turn against.* ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse enfermo = get + sick.* ponerse en fila = line up.* ponerse en forma = get + fit.* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.* ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.* ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.* ponerse en tensión = tense up.* ponerse firme = stand to + attention.* ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.* ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.* ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse gallito = bluster.* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.* ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).* ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.* ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.* ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.* ponerse marrón = turn + brown.* ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.* ponerse rígido = stiffen.* ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse seriamente a = settle to.* ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.* ponerse tibio = pig out (on).* ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.* poner sobre aviso = alert to.* poner término a = put + paid to.* poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.* poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.* poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner trabas = cramp.* poner una bomba = plant + bomb.* poner una demanda = face + legal action.* poner una denuncia = file + police report.* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.* poner una reclamación = appeal.* poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.* poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.* poner un círculo alrededor = circle.* poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.* poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.* poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).* poner un poquito de picante = pep up.* poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.* poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.* poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.* poner y quitar = get on and off.* pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.* pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.* precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.* quita o pon = give or take.* sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.* sin poner en escena = unproduced.* sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.* sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.* sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.* sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.* * *■ poner (verbo transitivo)A1 colocar2 poner: anuncio, avisoB agregarC ropa, calzado etcD ‹inyección/supositorio›E poner la mesaF1 instalar, montar2 poner: cocina, teléfono etc3 poner: cerradura etcG poner: huevosH servir, darA1 contribuir2 proporcionarB poner: atención, cuidadoC1 imponer2 oponer3 adjudicarD poner: nombreE enviarF escribirG1 expresar por escrito2 impersonalH exhibir, darI tardarA en un estado, una situaciónB poner: cara, voz, etcC1 hacer empezar2 poner a alguien de algoD suponerA1 conectar, encender2 ajustar, graduarB poner al teléfono■ poner (verbo intransitivo)A1 apostar2 contribuir dineroB poner: gallinasC México: vulg■ ponerse (verbo pronominal)A1 colocarse2 llegarB ponerse: el solC ponerse: calzado etcA en un estado, una situaciónB1 empezar2 esforzarse, esmerarse3 contribuir dineroSentido III ponerse al teléfonovtA1 (colocar) to put¿dónde habré puesto las llaves? where can I have put the keys?¿dónde vas a poner este cuadro? where are you going to put o hang this picture?pon ese cuadro derecho put that picture straight, straighten that picturelo pusieron en el curso avanzado he was put o placed in the advanced classponle la cadena a la puerta put the chain on the doorpon agua a calentar put some water on to boil2 ‹anuncio/aviso› to place, putpusieron un anuncio en el periódico they put o placed an advertisement in the newspaperB (agregar) to put¿cuándo se le pone el agua? when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?¿le has puesto sal a la sopa? have you put any salt in the soup?¿le pones azúcar al café? do you take sugar in your coffee?C ‹ropa/calzado› (+ me/te/le etc):¿me pones los zapatos? can you put my shoes on (for me)?le puse el vestido rojo I dressed her in her red dressD ‹inyección/supositorio› to giveel dentista le puso una inyección the dentist gave him an injectionEponer la mesa to lay o set the tableF1 (instalar, montar) ‹oficina/restaurante› to openpuso un estudio junto con otra arquitecta she set up in business with another architectconsiguió permiso para poner una autoescuela he got permission to open a driving schoolles ayudó a poner la casa he helped them set up house o homepusieron la casa/oficina a todo lujo they furnished the house/fitted the office out in stylele puso un apartamento a su amante he set his mistress up in an apartment2 ‹cocina/teléfono/calefacción› to installvan a poner cocinas de gas they are going to install o fit gas cookers3 ‹cerradura/armario› to fitG «ave» ‹huevos› to layH( Esp) (servir, dar): ¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please¿cuántos le pongo, señora? how many would you like, madam?A1 (contribuir):él pone el capital y yo el trabajo he puts up the capital and I supply the laborpusimos 500 pesos cada uno we put in 500 pesos eachque cada uno ponga lo que pueda each person should give what he or she can afford2 (proporcionar) ‹autobús/tren› to lay onla empresa puso la comida y la bebida food and drink was laid on by the companyB ‹atención› to pay; ‹cuidado› to takepon más atención en lo que estás haciendo pay more attention to what you're doingno ha puesto ningún cuidado en este trabajo she hasn't taken any care at all over this piece of workpone mucho entusiasmo en todo lo que hace he's very enthusiastic about everything he does, he puts a lot of enthusiasm into everything he doesC1 (imponer) ‹deberes› to give, set; ‹examen› to setnos pusieron 20 preguntas we were given o set 20 questionsle pusieron una multa por exceso de velocidad he was fined for speeding2(oponer): no me puso ningún inconveniente he didn't have o raise any objectionsa todo le tiene que poner peros or pegas she finds fault with everything3 (adjudicar) ‹nota› to give¿qué (nota) te puso en la redacción? what (mark) did he give you for your essay?le pusieron un cero he got nought out of tenD (dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give¡qué nombre más feo le pusieron! what a horrible name to give him!le pusieron Eva they called her Eva¿qué título le vas a poner al poema? what title are you going to give the poem?, what are you going to call the poem?le pusieron el sobrenombre de `el cojo' they nicknamed him `el cojo'F (escribir) to putno has puesto ningún acento you haven't put any of the accents inno sé qué más ponerle I don't know what else to put o writepuso mi nombre en la lista she put my name down on the listG ( esp Esp)1 (expresar por escrito) to sayel periódico no pone nada sobre el robo the newspaper doesn't say anything about the robbery2 ( impersonal):mira a ver lo que pone en esa nota see what that note saysallí pone que no se puede pasar it says there that you can't go in¿qué pone aquí? what does it say here?, what does this say?H ( Esp) (exhibir, dar)‹obra/película› ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?¿qué ponen en el Trocadero? what's on o what's showing at the Trocadero?en el teatro ponen una obra de Casares there's a play by Casares on at the theaterno pusieron ninguna película buena en Navidad there wasn't a single good film on over Christmas, they didn't show a single good film over Christmasel avión pone media hora de Montevideo a Buenos Aires the plane takes half an hour from Montevideo to Buenos Airesde allí a Salta pusimos tres horas it took us three hours from there to SaltaA (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):me pones nerviosa you're making me nervousya la has puesto de mal humor now you've put her in a bad mood¿por qué me pusiste en evidencia así? why did you show me up like that?lo pusiste en un aprieto you put him in an awkward positionnos puso al corriente de lo sucedido he brought us up to date with what had happened¡mira cómo has puesto la alfombra! look at the mess you've made on the carpet!me estás poniendo las cosas muy difíciles you're making things very difficult for meB (adoptar) ‹cara/voz›no pongas esa cara there's no need to look like thatpuso cara de enfado he looked annoyedpuso voz de asustado he sounded scaredC1(hacer empezar): el médico me puso a régimen the doctor put me on a dietponer a algn A + INF:tuvo que poner a las hijas a trabajar he had to send his daughters out to worklo puso a estudiar guitarra con Rodríguez she sent him to have guitar lessons with Rodríguezlo puso a pelar cebollas she set him to work peeling onions2 poner a algn DE algo:la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of departmentlo pusieron de ángel he was given a part as an angel, he was given the part of an angelsu padre lo puso de botones en la oficina his father gave him a job as an office boysiempre te pone de ejemplo he always holds you up as an exampleD(suponer): pon que perdemos ese tren, no podríamos volver say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train, then we wouldn't be able to get backpon que es cierto ¿qué harías entonces? say o suppose o supposing it is true, then what would you do?pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados suppose o let's just say they're wrongponerle ( AmL): ¿cuánto se tarda? — ponle dos horas how long does it take? — about two hours o in the region of two hours o reckon on two hours¿cuánto nos costará? — y … pónganle alrededor de $200 how much will it cost us? — well, … you'd better reckon on about $200A1 (conectar, encender) ‹televisión/calefacción› to turn o switch o put on; ‹programa/canal› to put onpon un disco put on a recordpuso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the enginetodavía no nos han puesto la luz we haven't had our electricity connected yet2(ajustar, graduar): pon el despertador a las siete set the alarm (clock) for seven¿puedes poner la música un poco más alta? can you turn the music up a bit?puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right, she set the clock to the right timeponer el motor a punto to tune up the engineBponer a algn CON algn/algo to put sb THROUGH TO sb/sth¿me puede poner con el director, por favor? could you put me through to o could I speak to the director, please?¿me pone con la extensión 24? could you put me through to o can I have extension 24, please?■ ponerviA2 (contribuir dinero) to contribute¿vas a poner para el regalo de Pilar? are you going to give something o contribute toward(s) Pilar's present?B «gallina» to lay■ ponerseA1 ( refl)ponerse de pie to stand up, standponerse de rodillas to kneel, kneel down, get down on one's kneesponte ahí, junto al árbol stand over there, by the treeponérsele a algn algo ( AmL fam): se le puso que tenía que escalar la montaña he got it into his head that he had to climb the mountaina ese viejo se le pone cada cosa that old man gets the strangest ideas into his head2B «sol» to setC ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put onponte el abrigo put your coat onno tengo nada que ponerme I don't have a thing to wearmi hermano siempre se pone mi ropa my brother is always borrowing my clothesponte un poco de sombra de ojos put on a little eyeshadowme puse el collar de perlas I wore o put on my pearl necklaceA (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):me puse furiosa I got very angrycuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw itadelante, pónganse cómodos come in, make yourselves comfortableno te pongas así, que no es para tanto don't get so worked up, it's not that bad¡mira cómo te has puesto de barro! just look at you, you're covered in mud!no te imaginas cómo se puso, hecha una fiera you wouldn't believe the way she reacted, she went absolutely wildla vida se está poniendo carísima everything's getting so expensiveB1 (empezar) ponerse A + INF to start -INGse va a poner a llover de un momento a otro it's going to start raining o to start to rain any minutea ver si te pones a trabajar you'd better start workingse puso a llorar sin motivo aparente she started crying o to cry for no apparent reason2 ( fam) (esforzarse, esmerarse) to try, make an effortsi te pones lo acabas hoy mismo if you make an effort o if you try o if you put your mind to it, you'll finish it today3(CS arg) (contribuir dinero): cuando se casaron el viejo se puso con $5.000 when they got married, her old man shelled out $5,000 ( colloq)cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse when the check comes, everyone has to cough up ( colloq)yo me pongo con cien I'll put in o chip in a hundred ( colloq)( Esp) (al teléfono): ¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for youdile a tu madre que se ponga tell your mother I want to speak to her, ask your mother to come to the phone* * *
poner ( conjugate poner) verbo transitivo
1
ponle el collar al perro put the dog's collar on;
poner una bomba to plant a bomb
2 ( agregar) to put
3 ‹inyección/supositorio› to give
4◊ poner la mesa to lay o set the table
5 (instalar, montar)
6 [ ave] ‹ huevo› to lay
7 (Esp) (servir, dar):◊ póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please;
¿cuántos le pongo? how many would you like?
1 ‹ dinero› ( contribuir) to put in;
2 ‹ atención› to pay;
‹cuidado/interés› to take;
3
‹examen/problema› to set;
4 ( dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give;
‹ ejemplo› to give;
5 ( enviar) ‹ telegrama› to send
6 ( escribir) ‹dedicatoria/líneas› to write
7 (Esp) (exhibir, dar) ‹ película› to show;◊ ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?;
¿qué ponen en el Royal? what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
1
‹programa/canal› to put on;
‹cinta/disco/música› to put on;◊ puso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the engine
puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right
2 (Esp) ( al teléfono): poner a algn con algo/algn to put sb through to sth/sb
(en estado, situación) (+ compl):
poner a algn en un aprieto to put sb in an awkward position
vi [ ave] to lay
ponerse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) ( colocarse):
ponerse de pie to stand (up);
ponerse de rodillas to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
2 [ sol] to set
3 ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put on;
1 (en estado, situación) (+ compl):
se puso triste she became sad;
cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw it;
se puso como loco he went mad;
ponerse cómodo to make oneself comfortable
2 ( empezar) ponerse a + inf to start -ing, to start + inf;
(Esp):
poner verbo transitivo
1 (en un lugar, una situación) to put: me puso en un aprieto, he put me in a tight corner
(seguido de adjetivo) to make: me pone contento, he makes me happy
2 (hacer funcionar) to turn o switch on
3 (un fax, telegrama) to send
poner una conferencia, to make a long-distance call
4 (una multa, un castigo) to impose
5 (abrir un negocio) to set up
6 (vestir) to put on
7 (exponer) tienes que poner la planta al sol/a la sombra, you have to put the plant in the sun/shade
8 (aportar) yo puse mil pesetas, I contributed a thousand pesetas
9 (conjeturar, imaginar) to suppose: pongamos que..., supposing (that)...
10 (estar escrito) lo pone aquí, it's written here
no pone nada de eso, it doesn't say anything about that
11 TV Cine to put on, show
12 Tel ponme con él, put me through to him
13 (un nombre) le pondremos Tadeo, we are going to call him Tadeo
ya le puso título a la novela, he has already given the novel a title
♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a caldo, to pull sb to pieces
poner a cien, to make sb nervous: me pone a cien cuando habla de ese modo, when he talks that way I get nervous
poner en duda, to call into question: los inversores pusieron su competencia en duda, the investors questioned his competence
poner a alguien en evidencia, to show sb up
poner en evidencia, to show up: la situación pone en evidencia la falta de justicia del sistema, the situation exposes the system's unfairness
poner a alguien en su sitio, to put sb in his place
' poner' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
activar
- alinear
- alta
- alto
- altura
- antecedente
- antena
- arreglar
- arrinconar
- aunar
- bandeja
- brete
- cabeza
- calzar
- caldo
- calle
- cara
- cargar
- carta
- caso
- cien
- codificar
- comprometer
- confiar
- coto
- crecer
- cuenco
- cuestión
- dejar
- denuncia
- depositar
- descomponer
- descubierta
- descubierto
- desesperar
- diente
- dirigir
- discutir
- distribuir
- enchufar
- enderezar
- enervar
- enfermar
- enfrentar
- enmascarar
- entregar
- entregarse
- escenificar
- escobilla
- esmerarse
English:
acquaint
- action
- apply
- arm
- arrange
- aside
- best
- blur
- bond
- box
- bracket
- bundle
- bung
- cap
- cast
- cheek
- claim
- code
- collect
- compromise
- connect
- cork
- crack
- cross
- crown
- curb
- date
- dip
- discomfit
- dishwasher
- egg
- end
- endanger
- excite
- face
- fault
- feature
- fetter
- fill in
- fit
- fluster
- follow up
- forewarn
- free
- gather
- get
- glaze
- go
- gown
- grin
* * *♦ vt1. [situar, agregar, meter] to put;me pusieron en la última fila I was put in the back row;ponle un poco más de sal put some more salt in it, add a bit of salt to it;pon los juguetes en el armario put the toys (away) in the cupboard;¿dónde habré puesto la calculadora? where can I have put o left the calculator?;poner un anuncio en el periódico to put an advert in the paper;poner un póster en la pared to put a poster up on the wall;poner una inyección a alguien to give sb an injection;hubo que ponerle un bozal al perro we had to put a muzzle on the dog, we had to muzzle the dog3. [servir]¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?, what would you like?;póngame una cerveza, por favor I'd like o I'll have a beer, please;¿cuánto le pongo? how much would you like?;póngame un kilo give me a kilo4. [contribuir, aportar] to put in;poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the business;poner mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) sth;pon atención en lo que digo pay attention to what I'm saying;5. [hacer estar de cierta manera]poner a alguien en un aprieto/de mal humor to put sb in a difficult position/in a bad mood;le has puesto colorado/nervioso you've made him blush/feel nervous;ponérselo fácil/difícil a alguien to make things easy/difficult for sb;lo puso todo perdido she made a real mess;el profesor nos puso a hacer cuentas the teacher gave us some sums to do;llegó y nos puso a todos a trabajar she arrived and set us all to work;pon la sopa a calentar warm the soup up;me pusieron de aprendiz de camarero they had me work as a trainee waiter;poner cara de tonto/inocente to put on a stupid/an innocent faceme pusieron de mentiroso they called me a liar;poner bien algo/a alguien to praise sth/sb;poner mal algo/a alguien to criticize sth/sbponer pegas a algo to raise objections to sth8. [asignar] [precio] to fix, to settle on;[multa] to give; [deberes, examen, tarea] to give, to set;le pusieron (de nombre) Mario they called him Mario;me han puesto (en el turno) de noche I've been assigned to the night shift, they've put me on the night shift;le pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam9. [comunicar] [telegrama, fax, giro postal] to send;[conferencia] to make; Esp¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him?;Espno cuelgue, ahora le pongo don't hang up, I'll put you through in a second10. [conectar, hacer funcionar] [televisión, radio] to switch o put on;[despertador] to set; [instalación, gas] to put in; [música, cinta, disco] to put on;pon la lavadora put the washing machine on;pon el telediario put the news on;puse el despertador a las seis/el reloj en hora I set my alarm clock for six o'clock/my watch to the right time;¿te han puesto ya el teléfono? are you on the phone yet?, have they connected your phone yet?;ponlo más alto, que no se oye turn it up, I can't hear it11. [en el cine, el teatro, la televisión] to show;anoche pusieron un documental muy interesante last night they showed a very interesting documentary;¿qué ponen en la tele/en el Rialto? what's on the TV/on at the Rialto?;en el Rialto ponen una de Stallone there's a Stallone movie on at the Rialto12. [montar] to set up;poner la casa to set up home;poner un negocio to start a business;ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shop;hemos puesto moqueta en el salón we've had a carpet fitted in the living-room;poner la mesa to lay the table;pusieron la tienda (de campaña) en un prado they pitched their tent o put their tent up in a meadow13. [decorar] to do up;han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style14. [suponer] to suppose;pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happened;pon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five days;poniendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan;¿cuándo estará listo? – ponle que en dos días when will it be ready? – reckon on it taking two days¿qué pone ahí? what does it say there?16. [escribir] to put;¿qué pusiste en la segunda pregunta? what did you put for the second question?17. [huevo] to lay18. RP [demorar] to take;el tren pone media hora en llegar allá the train takes half an hour to get there♦ vi[gallina, aves] to lay (eggs)♦ v impersonalAm Fam [parecer]se me pone que… it seems to me that…* * *<part puesto> v/t1 put;poner en escena stage;poner en marcha set in motion;pongamos que let’s suppose o assume that2 ropa put on3 ( añadir) put in4 RAD, TV turn on, switch on5 la mesa set6 ( escribir) put downla crítica puso muy bien su última película the critics gave his last film very good reviews8 negocio set up9 telegrama send10 huevos lay12 dinero deposit13:poner a alguien furioso make s.o. angry;ponerle a alguien con alguien TELEC put s.o. through to s.o.;ponerle una multa a alguien fine s.o.* * *poner {60} vt1) colocar: to put, to placepon el libro en la mesa: put the book on the table2) agregar, añadir: to put in, to add3) : to put on (clothes)4) contribuir: to contribute5) escribir: to put in writingno le puso su nombre: he didn't put his name on it6) imponer: to set, to impose7) exponer: to put, to exposelo puso en peligro: she put him in danger8) : to prepare, to arrangeponer la mesa: to set the table9) : to namele pusimos Ana: we called her Ana10) establecer: to set up, to establishpuso un restaurante: he opened up a restaurant11) instalar: to install, to put insiempre lo pones de mal humor: you always put him in a bad mood13) : to turn on, to switch on14) suponer: to supposepongamos que no viene: supposing he doesn't come15) : to lay (eggs)poner a : to start (someone doing something)lo puse a trabajar: I put him to workponer de : to place asla pusieron de directora: they made her directorponer en : to put in (a state or condition)poner en duda: to call into questionponer vi1) : to contribute2) : to lay eggs* * *poner vb2. (ropa, etc) to put on3. (añadir) to put¿le has puesto sal a las patatas? have you put any salt on the potatoes?¿te pones azúcar? do you take sugar?6. (encender) to put on / to turn on / to switch on7. (establecer) to open9. (comunicar) to put through¿me pones con Asunción, por favor? can you put me through to Asunción, please?en el periódico pone que la película está muy bien it says in the newspaper that the film is very good11. (proyectar) to be on¿qué ponen en el Renoir? what's on at the Renoir?12. (dar un nombre) to call14. (servir) to give¿qué te pongo? what can I get you?¿me pone un kilo de tomates? can I have a kilo of tomatoes, please?pongamos por caso... suppose... / let's say... -
4 estar
v.1 to be.estamos a veinte grados (expresa valores, grados) it's twenty degrees hereel dólar está a 10 pesos the dollar is at 10 pesosestán a dos euros el kilo they're two euros a kiloestá terminado it's finished2 to be.¿dónde está la llave? where is the key?¿está María? — no, no está is Maria there? — no, she's not hereElla estuvo aburrida She was bored.El edificio está en la calle tres The building is on third street.3 to be (expresa cualidad, estado).los pasteles están ricos the cakes are deliciousesta calle está sucia this street is dirty4 to be (expresa estado).estar de mudanza to be (in the process of) movingestamos de suerte we're in luckestar de vacaciones to be on holidayestar de viaje to be on a tripestar en uso to be in useestar en guardia to be on guardestamos sin agua we have no water, we're without water5 to be.están golpeando la puerta they're banging on the door6 to stay, to be.estaré un par de horas y me iré I'll stay a couple of hours and then I'll go7 to be ready (hallarse listo).¿aún no está ese trabajo? is that piece of work still not ready?8 to be for.Me estuvo difícil el examen The exam was difficult for me.* * *Present Indicativeestoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están.Imperfect Indicativeestaba, estabas, estaba, estábamos, estabais, estaban.Past IndicativeFuture Indicativeestaré, estarás, estará, estaremos, estaréis, estarán.Conditionalestaría, estarías, estaría, estaríamos, estaríais, estarían.Present Subjunctiveesté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén.Imperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperativeestá (tú), esté (él/Vd.), estemos (nos.), estad (vos.), estén (ellos/Vds.).* * *verb- estarse* * *Para las expresiones estar bien, estar mal, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) [indicando situación] to be¿dónde estabas? — where were you?
-las tijeras están en el cajón -no, aquí no están — "the scissors are in the drawer" - "no, they're not in here"
-hola, ¿está Carmen? -no, no está — "hello, is Carmen in?" - "no, I'm afraid she isn't"
•
está [fuera] — [de casa] she's out; [de la ciudad/en el extranjero] she's away•
[ya que] estamos — while we are at it2) [indicando un estado transitorio]a) + adj, adv to beestar enfermo {o} malo — to be ill
¿estás casado o soltero? — are you married or single?
¿cómo estamos? — [gen] how are we doing?; [a otra persona] how are you?
con este frío, aquí no se puede estar — it's unbearably cold here
¡qué bueno está este café! — this coffee's really good!
¿está libre el baño? — is the bathroom free?
¿qué tal {o} cómo estás? — how are you?
el récord anterior estaba en 33 segundos — the previous record was {o} stood at 33 seconds
b) + participio to bec) + gerundio to bevenga, ya nos estamos yendo, que es tarde — come on, it's time to go, it's late
3) (=existir) to be•
[dejar] estar, déjalo estar — just leave him be4) [indicando el aspecto de algo] to look¡qué elegante estás! — you're looking really smart!
estás más delgado — you've lost weight, you look slimmer
ese tío está muy bueno — * that guy's gorgeous *, that guy's a bit of all right *
5) (=estar listo) to be ready¡ya está! ya sé lo que podemos hacer — that's it! I know what we can do
ya estoy — I'm done, that's me *
¡ya estamos! — [después de hacer algo] that's it!; [dicho con enfado] that's enough!
¿estamos? — [al estar listo] ready?; [para pedir conformidad] are we agreed?, right?, OK? *
¡ya estuvo! — Méx that's it!
6) [indicando fecha, distancia, temperatura]cuando estemos en verano — when it's summer, in the summer
7) [en estructuras con preposición]estar aestamos a 8 de junio — it is 8 June {or} the 8th of June, today is 8 June {o} the 8th of June
estábamos a 40°C — it was 40°C
¿a cuántos estamos? — what's the date?
¿a cuánto estamos de Madrid? — how far are we from Madrid?
las uvas están a 1,60 euros — the grapes are one euro 60 cents
estar con¿a cuánto está el kilo de naranjas? — how much are oranges per kilo?
está con la gripe — he's down with flu, he's got the flu
estuvo con la enfermedad durante dos años — she had {o} suffered from the disease for two years
estar de•
estar con [algn], yo estoy con él — I'm with himestá de jefe temporalmente — he is acting as boss, he is the acting boss
estar en¡estoy de nervioso! — I'm so nervous!
el problema está en que... — the problem lies in the fact that...
estar parayo estoy en que... — (=creer) I believe that...
para eso estamos — [gen] that's why we're here, that's what we're here for; [respondiendo a gracias] don't mention it
•
estar para [hacer] algo — (=a punto de) to be about to do sth, be on the point of doing sth•
[no] estoy para bromas — I'm not in the mood for jokingestar por (=en favor de) [+ política] to be in favour {o} (EEUU) favor of; [+ persona] to support hueso 1) estar por ({+ infin})si alguien llama, no estoy para nadie — if anyone calls, I'm not in
la historia de ese hallazgo está por escribir — the story of that discovery is still to be written {o} has yet to be written
está todavía por hacer — it remains to be done, it is still to be done
yo estoy por dejarlo — I'm for leaving it, I'm in favour of leaving it
estar sin ({+ infin})está por llover — LAm it's going to rain
las camas estaban sin hacer — the beds were unmade, the beds hadn't been made
estar sobre algn/algo¿todavía estás sin peinar? — haven't you brushed your hair yet?
hay que estar sobre el arroz para que no se pegue — you need to keep a close eye on the rice to make sure it doesn't stick to the pan
estar sobre sí — to be in control of o.s.
8) [en oraciones ponderativas]•
está [que] rabia — * he's hopping mad *, he's furiousestoy que me caigo de sueño — I'm terribly sleepy, I can't keep my eyes open
2.See:* * *I 1.1) ( seguido de adjetivos) [ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1] to bequé gordo está! — isn't he fat!, hasn't he got(ten) fat!
la sopa está deliciosa/muy caliente — the soup is delicious/very hot
está muy simpático conmigo — he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently)
todo está tan caro! — things are o have become so expensive!
está cansada/furiosa/embarazada — she is tired/furious/pregnant
2) (con bien, mal, mejor, peor)están todos bien, gracias — they're all fine, thanks
está mal que no se lo perdones — it's wrong of you not to forgive him; ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor
3) ( hablando de estado civil) to be4) ( seguido de participios)estar sentado/echado/arrodillado — to be sitting/lying/kneeling (down)
estaban abrazados — they had their arms around each other; ver tb verbo auxiliar 2
5) ( con predicado introducido por preposición) to be; (para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente)¿a cómo está la uva? — how much are the grapes?
están de limpieza/viaje — they're spring-cleaning/on a trip
estar con alguien — ( estar de acuerdo) to agree with somebody; ( apoyar) to support somebody, be on somebody's side
estar en algo: no lo hemos solucionado pero estamos en ello or eso — we haven't solved it but we're working on it
6) ( introducido por que)2.estar vi1) ( en un lugar)edificio/pueblo ( estar ubicado) to be¿dónde está Chiapas? — where's Chiapas?
2)a) persona/objeto ( hallarse en cierto momento) to be¿sabes dónde está Pedro? — do you know where Pedro is?
¿a qué hora tienes que estar allí? — what time do you have to be there?
¿dónde estábamos la clase pasada? — where did we get to in the last class?
b) ( figurar) to beyo no estaba en la lista — I wasn't on the list, my name didn't appear on the list
¿está Rodrigo? — is Rodrigo in?
¿estamos todos? — are we all here?
4)a) (quedarse, permanecer)¿cuánto tiempo estarás en Londres? — how long are you going to be in London (for)?
b) ( vivir)ahora estamos en Soca — we're in o we live in Soca now
5) ( en el tiempo)¿a qué (día) estamos? — what day is it today?
¿a cuánto estamos hoy? — what's the date today?
estamos a 28 de mayo — it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May
¿en qué mes estamos? — what month are we in o is it?
6) (existir, haber)y después está el problema de... — and then there's the problem of...
luego están los niños, hay que pensar en ellos — then there are the children to think about
7) (tener como función, cometido)estar para algo: para eso están los amigos that's what friends are for; estamos para ayudarlos — we're here to help them
8) ( radicar)estar en algo: en eso está el problema that's where the problem lies; todo está en que él quiera — it all depends on whether he wants to or not
9) (estar listo, terminado)lo atas con un nudo y ya está — you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are
10) ( quedar entendido)que no vuelva a suceder ¿estamos? — don't let it happen again, understand? o (colloq) got it?
11)ya que estamos/estás — while we're/you're at it
12) (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl)3.te está grande/pequeña — it's too big/too small for you
estar v aux1) ( con gerundio)2) ( con participio)4.ya está hecho un hombrecito — he's a proper young man now; ver tb estar cópula 4)
estarse v pron1) (enf) ( permanecer) to stay¿no te puedes estar quieto? — can't you stay o keep still?
2) (enf) ( llegar) to beIImasculino (esp AmL) living room* * *= be, become, live with.Ex. Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.Ex. Some degree of ignorance of this kind is not unusual since the usual objective in consulting an information source is to become better informed.Ex. Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.----* ¡cómo se nota que no está el jefe! = while the cat's away, the mice will play.* ahí está el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* creer que estar bien = feel + right.* creer que estar mal = feel + wrong.* dar la señal de estar listo = prompt.* dejar como + estar = leave + untouched.* dejar las cosas como están = let + sleeping dogs lie.* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.* esperanza + estar = hope + lie.* estando de acuerdo = approvingly.* estando de servicio = while on the job.* estando sentado = from a seated position.* estar a años de distancia = be years away.* estar abierto a = be open to.* estar abocado a ser = be doomed.* estar absorto en = be wrapped up in.* estar aburridísimo = be bored stiff, be bored to death, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.* estar aburrido como una ostra = be bored stiff.* estar a caballo entre = stand + midway between, straddle (between).* estar a caballo entre... y... = lie + midway between... and..., tread + a fine line between... and, tread + the thin line between... and, tread + a delicate line between... and.* estar acabando con = eat away at.* estar acabándose = be on the way out, be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estar a + Cantidad + de distancia = Cantidad + distant from.* estar a cargo de = man, be the responsibility of.* estar accesible = be up.* estar accesible en línea = go + online.* estar accesible en red = go + online.* estar acertado = be right on track.* estar acostumbrado a = be familiar with, be no stranger to, be used to.* estar acostumbrado a + Infinitivo = be accustomed to + Gerundio.* estar a dos velas = not have a bean.* estar a + Expresión Numérica + de distancia = be + Número + away.* estar a favor de = be for, be in favour (of), come down in + favour of.* estar a favor de una idea = favour + idea.* estar a favor o en contra = be for or against.* estar agobiado de = be snowed under with.* estar agradecido = be thankful.* estar a la alerta de = be wary of.* estar a la altura de = live up to, be equal to.* estar a la altura de la circunstancias = make + the cut.* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = come up with + the goods.* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = rise (up) to + challenge.* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, be equal to the occasion, rise (up) to + the occasion, deliver + the goods, measure up (to), be up to snuff.* estar a la altura de las expectativas = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.* estar a la altura de las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.* estar a la altura de lo que se espera = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.* estar a la baja = be down.* estar al acecho = lie in + wait.* estar a la entera disposición de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + feet.* estar al alcance de la mano = be at hand.* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.* estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.* estar a la par de = rank with.* estar a la vuelta de la esquina = be just around the corner.* estar al borde de = teeter + on the edge of.* estar al completo = overbook.* estar al corriente = monitor + developments.* estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estar alejado + Expresión Numérica = be + Número + away.* estar al lado de = stand by + Lugar.* estar al loro de = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar al máximo = overstretch.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* estar al tanto = monitor + developments.* estar al tanto de = be on the lookout for, keep + track of, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estar a mano = be on hand, be around.* estar a medio camino entre... y... = lie + midway between... and....* estar a merced de = be at the mercy of.* estar ansioso por = be eager to.* estar ante = be faced with.* estar apagado = be off.* estar a punto de = be poised to, be about to, be on the point of, stand + poised, come + very close to.* estar a punto de cascarlas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estar a punto de decir = be on the tip of + Posesivo + tongue to say.* estar a punto de + Infinitivo = be about + Infinitivo.* estar aquí ya = be upon us.* estar a resultas de = keep + track of.* estar arraigado en = be rooted in.* estar arrestado = be under arrest.* estar arriba = sit on + top.* estar a salvo = be in safe hands.* estar asociado a = be associated with, be bound up with.* estar atado a = hold + hostage to.* estar atareado = be tied up.* estar atento a = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar aterrorizado = be petrified of, be frightened to death, be scared stiff, be terrified.* estar a tope = overstretch.* estar atrancado = be stuck.* estar atrasado en el pago = be in arrears.* estar aumentando = be on the increase.* estár aún más alejados = be one step further removed.* estar aún por llegar = be yet to come.* estar ausente = lack.* estar ausente de = be absent (from).* estar avanzado = be well under way.* estar avergonzado = be ashamed.* estar averiado = be out of order.* estar aviado = be (in) a mess.* estar bajo arresto = be under arrest.* estar bajo la tutela de = fall under + the auspices of.* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.* estar bien = be okay, be in good shape, be in good health.* estar bien de salud = be in good health.* estar bien encaminado = be on the right track.* estar bien pensado = be carefully thought out.* estar borracho = be drunk, see + double.* estar callado = keep + quiet.* estar cansado de = be sick and tired of.* estar capacitado para = be qualified to.* estar casi finalizado = near + completion.* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.* estar castigado = be in the doghouse.* estar cerca = be at hand, be on hand, be around.* estar cerca de = be close to.* estar chalado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar chiflado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar chiflado por = have + a crush on.* estar chupado = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a snap, be a picnic, be duck soup.* estar clarísimo = be patently clear.* estar claro = be plain, be out in the open.* estar colado por = have + a crush on.* estar como una cabra = be a real nutter.* estar completamente borracho = be drunk and incapable.* estar completamente de acuerdo con = agree + wholeheartedly with.* estar completamente equivocado = be way off.* estar comprometido a = hold + hostage to.* estar comprometido a + Infinitivo = be committed to + Gerundio.* estar con amigos en la calle pasando el rato sin hacer nada = hang out + on the street.* estar condenado a ser = be doomed.* estar conectado = be on.* estar con el alma en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.* estar con el tema = be on the topic.* estar confinado = be confined.* estar confuso = blur, be at sixes and sevens with, be at a nonplus, be all at sea.* estar congelado = be frozen stiff.* estar con la espalda contra la pared = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.* estar contentísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.* estar contraindicado = be contraindicated.* estar contra las cuertas = be against the ropes.* estar convencido = there + be + strong feeling.* estar convencido de la idea de que = be committed to the idea that.* estar convirtiéndose rápidamente = be fast becoming.* estar correcto = be correct.* estar correlacionado con = be correlated with.* estar de acorde con = be commensurate with.* estar de acuerdo = approve, be in agreement, concur (with), be agreed.* estar de acuerdo con = accord with, conform to, fit, go along with, fit with, be in conformity with, mesh with, see + eye to eye (with/on), jive with.* estar de acuerdo (con/en) = see + eye to eye (with/on).* estar de acuerdo con una idea = subscribe to + idea.* estar de acuerdo en que no + estar + de acuerdo = agree to + disagree.* estar de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).* estar de acuerdo unánimemente = agree on + all hands.* estar de baja = be off work.* estar de baja por enfermedad = be off work sick.* estar debatiéndose = be under discussion.* estar de brazos cruzados = stand + idle, sit + idle.* estar de buen humor = be high.* estar de camino a = be on the road to.* estar de capa caída = be in the doldrums.* estar de cháchara = chinwag.* estar decidido a = be determined to, be of a mind to, be intent on, be all set to.* estar decidido a continuar = be set to continue.* estar decidido a + Infinitivo = be set to + Infinitivo.* estar demasiado representado = overrepresent.* estar de moda = be in.* estar densamente poblado de = be dense with.* estar dentro de = fall within/into.* estar dentro de la competencia = be the province of.* estar dentro de las posibilidades de uno = lie within + Posesivo + power.* estar de palique = chinwag.* estar de parloteo = chinwag.* estar de pie = stand.* estar de pie por encima de = stand over.* estar desacertado = miss + the mark, miss + the point.* estar desacreditado = hold in + disrepute.* estar desapareciendo = be on the way out.* estar desasosegado = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.* estar desbordado de = be snowed under with.* estar desbordante de = spill over with.* estar descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.* estar descontento con = express + dissatisfaction with.* estar deseoso de = be anxious to, be more than ready for.* estar desesperado = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.* estar desocupado = stand + idle.* estar desordenado = be out of order.* estar desquiciado = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar destinado a = be intended for/to.* estar destrozado = be + wreck, be a shambles.* estar de suerte = be in luck.* estar detenido = be under arrest.* estar de vacaciones = be on vacation, be off on vacation.* estar de vuelta = be back.* estar de vuelta dentro de = be back in + Expresión Temporal.* estar directamente relacionado con = be directly correlated to.* estar disgustado por = feel deeply about.* estar disperso = lie + scattered.* estar disponible = be available, be forthcoming, be at hand.* estar dispuestísimo a = be more than willing to.* estar dispuesto = be game.* estar dispuesto a = be keen to, be prepared to, be willing to, be of a mind to, be willing and able to, be ready, willing and able.* estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.* estar dispuesto y deseoso a = be willing and able to.* estar dominado por Alguien = be under + Posesivo + thumb.* estar ducho en = be adept at.* estar dudoso = be doubtful.* estar embarazada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar emocionado = be thrilled.* estar empachado = have + indigestion.* estar empeorando = be in decline.* estar en = be in the course of.* estar en alza = be up.* estar enamorado de = carry + a torch for + Nombre, have + a crush on.* estar en apuros = be in trouble, be in a fix.* estar en ascuas = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar en auge = go + strong.* estar en Babia = be in cloud cuckoo land, live in + cloud cuckoo land.* estar en barbecho = lie + fallow.* estar en buenas manos = be in safe hands.* estar encaminado a = be on the road to.* estar en camino de = be on the way to.* estar encantadísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.* estar encantado = be thrilled.* estar encantado de Hacer Algo = be more than happy to + Infinitivo.* estar en casa = be in.* estar en celo = be on heat, be in heat.* estar encendido = be on.* estar enchufado = be on.* estar encinta = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en consonancia con = be consonant with, attune to, align + Reflexivo + with.* estar en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), be in touch (with).* estar en contra de = be against.* estar en debate = be under discussion.* estar en decadencia = be in decline, be in retreat.* estar en declive = be in decline.* estar en desacuerdo = be at variance, disagree, quarrel with, beg to differ, be at sixes and sevens with each other.* estar en desacuerdo con = be at odds with, be at loggerheads with.* estar en desacuerdo sobre = be at odds over.* estar en desigualdad = be under par.* estar en desventaja = be disadvantaged, be at a disadvantage.* estar en deuda = be in debt.* estar en deuda con = be beholden to.* estar endeudado = be in debt.* estar en dificultades = be in trouble.* estar en duda = be in question.* estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.* estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.* estar en el séptimo cielo = be on cloud nine, float on + air.* estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.* estar enemistados = be at loggerheads.* estar en estado = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de buena esperanza = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estar enfermo de amor = be lovesick.* estar en flor = be in bloom, be in flower.* estar en floración = be in bloom, be in flower.* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.* estar enfrascado en Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.* estar enfrentados = be at loggerheads.* estar en funcionamiento = be up.* estar en función de = be a function of.* estar en guardia = be on guard (against), be on + Posesivo + guard.* estar en guerra con = be at war with.* estar en igualdad de condiciones con = be on (an) equal footing with.* estar en inferioridad de condiciones = punch above + Posesivo + weight.* estar en juego = be at stake.* estar en la gloria = be on cloud nine, float on + air.* estar en la inopia = live in + cloud cuckoo land.* estar en la mejor posición para = be best positioned to.* estar en la misma categoria que = rank with.* estar en la onda = attune to + wavelength.* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estar en lo cierto = hit + the truth.* estar en manos privadas = hold in + private hands.* estar en marcha = tick over.* estar en mayoría = be in the majority.* estar en medio de = caught in the middle.* estar en minoría = be in the minority.* estar en misa y repicando = have + a finger in every pie.* estar enojado = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle.* estar en paz = pay + Posesivo + dues.* estar en peligro = be in jeopardy, be in question, be endangered, be at risk, be at stake.* estar en peligro (de) = be in danger (of).* estar en posición de = be in a position to.* estar en proceso de = be on the way to, be in the process of, be in the course of.* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.* estar en proceso de + Infinitivo = be on to + Infinitivo.* estar en retirada = be in retreat.* estar en ruinas = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar en sintonía con = attune to.* estar en situación de = be in a position to.* estar en suspense = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar en tensión = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.* estar en trance de = be in the process of.* estar entre = fall between.* estar entre la espada y la pared = be on the horns of a dilemma.* estar entre los primeros = stay on top.* estar entre rejas = be behind bars.* estar entusiasmado = be thrilled.* estar en un aprieto = be in a fix.* estar en una situación diferente = be on a different track.* estar en un berenjenal = be (in) a mess.* estar en un mar de dudas = feel at + sea, be all at sea.* estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.* estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.* estar en un sinvivir = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.* estar en venta = be up for sale.* estar en vías de = be on the road to, be in the process of.* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.* estar en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar equivoado = miss + the point.* estar equivocado = be mistaken, be wide of the mark, be wrong, be in error, miss + the mark, be in the wrong.* estar equivocado en + Número + cosas = be wrong on + Número + count(s).* estar erróneo = be in error.* estar esparcido = lie + scattered.* estar estrechamente ligado a = be closely tied to.* estar estropeado = be kaput.* estar estropeándose = be on the way out.* estar exento de pagar impuestos = write off.* estar falto de = be short of.* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.* estar familiarizado con = have + familiarity with.* estar firmemente convencido = strongly held opinion.* estar frenético = be furious.* estar frito de sed = be parched, spit + feathers, be parched with thirst.* estar fuera = be out.* estar fuera con los amigos = be out with the guys.* estar fuera de contienda = be out of contention.* estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.* estar fuera de las posibilidades de Alguien = be out of + Posesivo + league.* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.* estar fuera de quicio = be beside + Reflexivo.* estar fuera de rumbo = be off course.* estar fuera de secuencia = be out of order.* estar fuera de sí = be beside + Reflexivo.* estar funcionando = be in place.* estar furioso = fume.* estar + Gerundio = be on the way to.* estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.* estar haciendo = be up to.* estar haciendo Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.* estar haciendo algo que no se debe = be up to no good, get up to + no good.* estar hambriento = starve.* estar harto = have had enough.* estar harto de = be all too familiar with, be sick and tired of.* estar hasta la coronilla de = be sick and tired of.* estar hecho a escala = be to scale.* estar hecho con la intención de = be intended for/to.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* estar hecho el uno para el otro = be well suited to each other, be two of a kind, be a right pair.* estar hecho para = be geared to, be intended for/to, mean, be cut out for.* estar hecho polvo = be + wreck.* estar hecho un desastre = look like + a wreck, be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.* estar hecho un esqueleto = be a bag of bones.* estar hecho un flan = shake like + a leaf, tremble like + a leaf.* estar hecho un lío = be at sixes and sevens with.* estar hecho un perla = be a bit of a lad.* estar hecho un pinta = be a bit of a lad.* estar hecho un prenda = be a bit of a lad.* estar helado = be frozen stiff.* estar implícito en = run through.* estar inactivo = lie + fallow, lie + dormant.* estar incluido = be embedded.* estar indeciso = be hesitant (to).* estar indeciso entre... o... = be torn between... and....* estar inerte = lie + fallow.* estar informado puntualmente sobre = monitor + information on.* estar inmune a = be immune against.* estar inquieto = be disturbed.* estar interesado en = be interested in, be keen to.* estar inundado de = be snowed under with.* estar junto a = stand by + Lugar.* estar juntos = be together, stand + together.* estar justo en medio de = stand + squarely in.* estar la mar de contento = be over the moon.* estar lejos de (ser) + Infinitivo = be far from + Gerundio.* estar levantado = be up.* estar libre de = be free from.* estar ligado a = be bound up with.* estar listo = stand + ready, be ready.* estar listo para = be poised to, stand + poised, be all set to.* estar lleno de problemas = bristle with + problems.* estar localizable = be locatable.* estar loco = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar loco de alegría = be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits, be tickled pink.* estar loco de contento = be beside + Reflexivo + with joy, be over the moon, be over the moon.* estar loco de remate = be a real nutter.* estar loco por = have + a crush on.* estar majareta = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar mal = be wrong, feel under + the weather, be under the weather.* estar mal comunicado con = have + poor connections with.* estar mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.* estar manga por hombro = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar marcado por = be pockmarked with.* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.* estar mejor = be better off, be better served by.* estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.* estar molesto = be displeased, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, put off.* estar motivado = be motivated, have + motivation.* estar moviéndose en terreno seguro = be on secure ground.* estar muerto de asco = be bored to death, be bored stiff, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.* estar muerto de frío = be frozen stiff.* estar muerto de hambre = be starving to death.* estar muerto de miedo = be scared stiff, be frightened to death, be petrified of, be terrified.* estar muerto de sed = spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.* estar muy acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.* estar muy agradecido a = be indebted to.* estar muy alejado de = be a long way from.* estar muy arraigado en = be well embedded in.* estar muy bajo = be way down.* estar muy cerca de = be one step away from, be steps away from, come + very close to.* estar muy convencido de = have + strong feelings about.* estar muy emocionado con/por = be excited about.* estar muy esparcido = spread + Nombre + thinly.* estar muy lejano = be far off.* estar muy lejos = be far off, be a long way off.* estar muy por delante de = be way out ahead of.* estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.* estar muy puesto = stay on top of + the game, stay on top.* estar muy separado = set + far apart.* estar muy usado = be well thumbed.* estar nervioso = be in a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* estar oculto = lie + hidden.* estar ocupado = busyness, be engaged, be tied up.* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.* estar orgulloso de = be proud (of/to).* estar orientado a/para = be geared to.* estar orientado hacia = target.* estar orientado hacia + Nombre = be + Nombre + driven.* estar patas arriba = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar pendiente de = be on the lookout for, pay + attention to, keep + an eye on, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estar perdido = be out of + Posesivo + league, be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head, be all at sea.* estar permitido = be permissible.* estar plagado de = be rife with.* estar plenamente convencido de Algo = feel (it) in + Posesivo + bones.* estar pluriempleado = moonlight, work + a second job.* estar pluriempleado, tener un segundo trabajo, tener un segundo empleo = work + a second job.* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* estar por demostrar = be unproven.* estar por detrás = be behind.* estar por encima de = overlay, overlie.* estar por las nubes = be through the roof.* estar por ver = be an open question.* estar poseído por los espíritus = haunt.* estar precavido = be on + Posesivo + guard, be on guard (against).* estar predestinado a = be predestined to.* estar predispuesto = feel + partial.* estar predispuesto a = be predisposed to/toward(s).* estar preñada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar preocupadísimo = be worried stiff (about), be worried sick.* estar preocupado por = be anxious to.* estar preparado = be readied, stand + ready, be ready.* estar preparado para = be geared up for/to, stand + poised.* estar preparado y dispuesto a = be willing and able to.* estar preparado y dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.* estar presente = be manifest, be present, be in evidence.* estar presionado = be under the gun.* estar propuesto a = be intent on.* estar próximo = be at hand.* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).* estar que + subirse + por las paredes = tear + Posesivo + hair out.* estar realizándose = underway [under way], be in progress, be in hand.* estar rebosante de = spill over with.* estar rebosante de salud = fit as a fiddle.* estar relacionado con = be associated with, regard.* estar relacionado con el trabajo = be work related.* estar resentido = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.* estar resfriado = have + a cold.* estar respaldado por Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.* estar restringido = be constrained.* estar resuelto a = be intent on, be all set to.* estar saliendo con alguien = be in a dating relationship.* estar salpicado de = be dotted with.* estar sano y salvo = be alive and well.* estar satisfecho (de) = be satisfied (with).* estar saturado de trabajo = work to + capacity.* estar sediento = be thirsty, spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.* estar seguro = be sure, make + sure, set + your watch by.* estar seguro de = be certain (of), be confident about, feel + confident.* estar seguro de que = be confident that.* estar sentado sin hacer o decir nada = sit by.* estar separado = set + apart.* estar separado de = be remote from.* estar sesgado = bias, slant.* estar siempre + Adjetivo = be ever + Adjetivo.* estar siempre buscando = be on the lookout for.* estar siempre dispuesto a ayudar = be always willing to assist.* estar siendo + Participio = be in process of + Nombre.* estar sin blanca = not have a bean.* estar sin hacer nada = sit + idle, stand + idle.* estar sin trabajo = stay out of + work.* estar sin una pela = not have a bean.* estar sin un centavo = not have a bean.* estar sin un céntimo = not have a bean.* * *I 1.1) ( seguido de adjetivos) [ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1] to bequé gordo está! — isn't he fat!, hasn't he got(ten) fat!
la sopa está deliciosa/muy caliente — the soup is delicious/very hot
está muy simpático conmigo — he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently)
todo está tan caro! — things are o have become so expensive!
está cansada/furiosa/embarazada — she is tired/furious/pregnant
2) (con bien, mal, mejor, peor)están todos bien, gracias — they're all fine, thanks
está mal que no se lo perdones — it's wrong of you not to forgive him; ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor
3) ( hablando de estado civil) to be4) ( seguido de participios)estar sentado/echado/arrodillado — to be sitting/lying/kneeling (down)
estaban abrazados — they had their arms around each other; ver tb verbo auxiliar 2
5) ( con predicado introducido por preposición) to be; (para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente)¿a cómo está la uva? — how much are the grapes?
están de limpieza/viaje — they're spring-cleaning/on a trip
estar con alguien — ( estar de acuerdo) to agree with somebody; ( apoyar) to support somebody, be on somebody's side
estar en algo: no lo hemos solucionado pero estamos en ello or eso — we haven't solved it but we're working on it
6) ( introducido por que)2.estar vi1) ( en un lugar)edificio/pueblo ( estar ubicado) to be¿dónde está Chiapas? — where's Chiapas?
2)a) persona/objeto ( hallarse en cierto momento) to be¿sabes dónde está Pedro? — do you know where Pedro is?
¿a qué hora tienes que estar allí? — what time do you have to be there?
¿dónde estábamos la clase pasada? — where did we get to in the last class?
b) ( figurar) to beyo no estaba en la lista — I wasn't on the list, my name didn't appear on the list
¿está Rodrigo? — is Rodrigo in?
¿estamos todos? — are we all here?
4)a) (quedarse, permanecer)¿cuánto tiempo estarás en Londres? — how long are you going to be in London (for)?
b) ( vivir)ahora estamos en Soca — we're in o we live in Soca now
5) ( en el tiempo)¿a qué (día) estamos? — what day is it today?
¿a cuánto estamos hoy? — what's the date today?
estamos a 28 de mayo — it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May
¿en qué mes estamos? — what month are we in o is it?
6) (existir, haber)y después está el problema de... — and then there's the problem of...
luego están los niños, hay que pensar en ellos — then there are the children to think about
7) (tener como función, cometido)estar para algo: para eso están los amigos that's what friends are for; estamos para ayudarlos — we're here to help them
8) ( radicar)estar en algo: en eso está el problema that's where the problem lies; todo está en que él quiera — it all depends on whether he wants to or not
9) (estar listo, terminado)lo atas con un nudo y ya está — you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are
10) ( quedar entendido)que no vuelva a suceder ¿estamos? — don't let it happen again, understand? o (colloq) got it?
11)ya que estamos/estás — while we're/you're at it
12) (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl)3.te está grande/pequeña — it's too big/too small for you
estar v aux1) ( con gerundio)2) ( con participio)4.ya está hecho un hombrecito — he's a proper young man now; ver tb estar cópula 4)
estarse v pron1) (enf) ( permanecer) to stay¿no te puedes estar quieto? — can't you stay o keep still?
2) (enf) ( llegar) to beIImasculino (esp AmL) living room* * *= be, become, live with.Ex: Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.
Ex: Some degree of ignorance of this kind is not unusual since the usual objective in consulting an information source is to become better informed.Ex: Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.* ¡cómo se nota que no está el jefe! = while the cat's away, the mice will play.* ahí está el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* creer que estar bien = feel + right.* creer que estar mal = feel + wrong.* dar la señal de estar listo = prompt.* dejar como + estar = leave + untouched.* dejar las cosas como están = let + sleeping dogs lie.* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.* esperanza + estar = hope + lie.* estando de acuerdo = approvingly.* estando de servicio = while on the job.* estando sentado = from a seated position.* estar a años de distancia = be years away.* estar abierto a = be open to.* estar abocado a ser = be doomed.* estar absorto en = be wrapped up in.* estar aburridísimo = be bored stiff, be bored to death, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.* estar aburrido como una ostra = be bored stiff.* estar a caballo entre = stand + midway between, straddle (between).* estar a caballo entre... y... = lie + midway between... and..., tread + a fine line between... and, tread + the thin line between... and, tread + a delicate line between... and.* estar acabando con = eat away at.* estar acabándose = be on the way out, be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estar a + Cantidad + de distancia = Cantidad + distant from.* estar a cargo de = man, be the responsibility of.* estar accesible = be up.* estar accesible en línea = go + online.* estar accesible en red = go + online.* estar acertado = be right on track.* estar acostumbrado a = be familiar with, be no stranger to, be used to.* estar acostumbrado a + Infinitivo = be accustomed to + Gerundio.* estar a dos velas = not have a bean.* estar a + Expresión Numérica + de distancia = be + Número + away.* estar a favor de = be for, be in favour (of), come down in + favour of.* estar a favor de una idea = favour + idea.* estar a favor o en contra = be for or against.* estar agobiado de = be snowed under with.* estar agradecido = be thankful.* estar a la alerta de = be wary of.* estar a la altura de = live up to, be equal to.* estar a la altura de la circunstancias = make + the cut.* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = come up with + the goods.* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = rise (up) to + challenge.* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, be equal to the occasion, rise (up) to + the occasion, deliver + the goods, measure up (to), be up to snuff.* estar a la altura de las expectativas = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.* estar a la altura de las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.* estar a la altura de lo que se espera = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.* estar a la baja = be down.* estar al acecho = lie in + wait.* estar a la entera disposición de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + feet.* estar al alcance de la mano = be at hand.* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.* estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.* estar a la par de = rank with.* estar a la vuelta de la esquina = be just around the corner.* estar al borde de = teeter + on the edge of.* estar al completo = overbook.* estar al corriente = monitor + developments.* estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estar alejado + Expresión Numérica = be + Número + away.* estar al lado de = stand by + Lugar.* estar al loro de = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar al máximo = overstretch.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* estar al tanto = monitor + developments.* estar al tanto de = be on the lookout for, keep + track of, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estar a mano = be on hand, be around.* estar a medio camino entre... y... = lie + midway between... and....* estar a merced de = be at the mercy of.* estar ansioso por = be eager to.* estar ante = be faced with.* estar apagado = be off.* estar a punto de = be poised to, be about to, be on the point of, stand + poised, come + very close to.* estar a punto de cascarlas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estar a punto de decir = be on the tip of + Posesivo + tongue to say.* estar a punto de + Infinitivo = be about + Infinitivo.* estar aquí ya = be upon us.* estar a resultas de = keep + track of.* estar arraigado en = be rooted in.* estar arrestado = be under arrest.* estar arriba = sit on + top.* estar a salvo = be in safe hands.* estar asociado a = be associated with, be bound up with.* estar atado a = hold + hostage to.* estar atareado = be tied up.* estar atento a = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar aterrorizado = be petrified of, be frightened to death, be scared stiff, be terrified.* estar a tope = overstretch.* estar atrancado = be stuck.* estar atrasado en el pago = be in arrears.* estar aumentando = be on the increase.* estár aún más alejados = be one step further removed.* estar aún por llegar = be yet to come.* estar ausente = lack.* estar ausente de = be absent (from).* estar avanzado = be well under way.* estar avergonzado = be ashamed.* estar averiado = be out of order.* estar aviado = be (in) a mess.* estar bajo arresto = be under arrest.* estar bajo la tutela de = fall under + the auspices of.* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.* estar bien = be okay, be in good shape, be in good health.* estar bien de salud = be in good health.* estar bien encaminado = be on the right track.* estar bien pensado = be carefully thought out.* estar borracho = be drunk, see + double.* estar callado = keep + quiet.* estar cansado de = be sick and tired of.* estar capacitado para = be qualified to.* estar casi finalizado = near + completion.* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.* estar castigado = be in the doghouse.* estar cerca = be at hand, be on hand, be around.* estar cerca de = be close to.* estar chalado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar chiflado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar chiflado por = have + a crush on.* estar chupado = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a snap, be a picnic, be duck soup.* estar clarísimo = be patently clear.* estar claro = be plain, be out in the open.* estar colado por = have + a crush on.* estar como una cabra = be a real nutter.* estar completamente borracho = be drunk and incapable.* estar completamente de acuerdo con = agree + wholeheartedly with.* estar completamente equivocado = be way off.* estar comprometido a = hold + hostage to.* estar comprometido a + Infinitivo = be committed to + Gerundio.* estar con amigos en la calle pasando el rato sin hacer nada = hang out + on the street.* estar condenado a ser = be doomed.* estar conectado = be on.* estar con el alma en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.* estar con el tema = be on the topic.* estar confinado = be confined.* estar confuso = blur, be at sixes and sevens with, be at a nonplus, be all at sea.* estar congelado = be frozen stiff.* estar con la espalda contra la pared = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.* estar contentísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.* estar contraindicado = be contraindicated.* estar contra las cuertas = be against the ropes.* estar convencido = there + be + strong feeling.* estar convencido de la idea de que = be committed to the idea that.* estar convirtiéndose rápidamente = be fast becoming.* estar correcto = be correct.* estar correlacionado con = be correlated with.* estar de acorde con = be commensurate with.* estar de acuerdo = approve, be in agreement, concur (with), be agreed.* estar de acuerdo con = accord with, conform to, fit, go along with, fit with, be in conformity with, mesh with, see + eye to eye (with/on), jive with.* estar de acuerdo (con/en) = see + eye to eye (with/on).* estar de acuerdo con una idea = subscribe to + idea.* estar de acuerdo en que no + estar + de acuerdo = agree to + disagree.* estar de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).* estar de acuerdo unánimemente = agree on + all hands.* estar de baja = be off work.* estar de baja por enfermedad = be off work sick.* estar debatiéndose = be under discussion.* estar de brazos cruzados = stand + idle, sit + idle.* estar de buen humor = be high.* estar de camino a = be on the road to.* estar de capa caída = be in the doldrums.* estar de cháchara = chinwag.* estar decidido a = be determined to, be of a mind to, be intent on, be all set to.* estar decidido a continuar = be set to continue.* estar decidido a + Infinitivo = be set to + Infinitivo.* estar demasiado representado = overrepresent.* estar de moda = be in.* estar densamente poblado de = be dense with.* estar dentro de = fall within/into.* estar dentro de la competencia = be the province of.* estar dentro de las posibilidades de uno = lie within + Posesivo + power.* estar de palique = chinwag.* estar de parloteo = chinwag.* estar de pie = stand.* estar de pie por encima de = stand over.* estar desacertado = miss + the mark, miss + the point.* estar desacreditado = hold in + disrepute.* estar desapareciendo = be on the way out.* estar desasosegado = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.* estar desbordado de = be snowed under with.* estar desbordante de = spill over with.* estar descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.* estar descontento con = express + dissatisfaction with.* estar deseoso de = be anxious to, be more than ready for.* estar desesperado = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.* estar desocupado = stand + idle.* estar desordenado = be out of order.* estar desquiciado = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar destinado a = be intended for/to.* estar destrozado = be + wreck, be a shambles.* estar de suerte = be in luck.* estar detenido = be under arrest.* estar de vacaciones = be on vacation, be off on vacation.* estar de vuelta = be back.* estar de vuelta dentro de = be back in + Expresión Temporal.* estar directamente relacionado con = be directly correlated to.* estar disgustado por = feel deeply about.* estar disperso = lie + scattered.* estar disponible = be available, be forthcoming, be at hand.* estar dispuestísimo a = be more than willing to.* estar dispuesto = be game.* estar dispuesto a = be keen to, be prepared to, be willing to, be of a mind to, be willing and able to, be ready, willing and able.* estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.* estar dispuesto y deseoso a = be willing and able to.* estar dominado por Alguien = be under + Posesivo + thumb.* estar ducho en = be adept at.* estar dudoso = be doubtful.* estar embarazada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar emocionado = be thrilled.* estar empachado = have + indigestion.* estar empeorando = be in decline.* estar en = be in the course of.* estar en alza = be up.* estar enamorado de = carry + a torch for + Nombre, have + a crush on.* estar en apuros = be in trouble, be in a fix.* estar en ascuas = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar en auge = go + strong.* estar en Babia = be in cloud cuckoo land, live in + cloud cuckoo land.* estar en barbecho = lie + fallow.* estar en buenas manos = be in safe hands.* estar encaminado a = be on the road to.* estar en camino de = be on the way to.* estar encantadísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.* estar encantado = be thrilled.* estar encantado de Hacer Algo = be more than happy to + Infinitivo.* estar en casa = be in.* estar en celo = be on heat, be in heat.* estar encendido = be on.* estar enchufado = be on.* estar encinta = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en consonancia con = be consonant with, attune to, align + Reflexivo + with.* estar en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), be in touch (with).* estar en contra de = be against.* estar en debate = be under discussion.* estar en decadencia = be in decline, be in retreat.* estar en declive = be in decline.* estar en desacuerdo = be at variance, disagree, quarrel with, beg to differ, be at sixes and sevens with each other.* estar en desacuerdo con = be at odds with, be at loggerheads with.* estar en desacuerdo sobre = be at odds over.* estar en desigualdad = be under par.* estar en desventaja = be disadvantaged, be at a disadvantage.* estar en deuda = be in debt.* estar en deuda con = be beholden to.* estar endeudado = be in debt.* estar en dificultades = be in trouble.* estar en duda = be in question.* estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.* estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.* estar en el séptimo cielo = be on cloud nine, float on + air.* estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.* estar enemistados = be at loggerheads.* estar en estado = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de buena esperanza = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estar enfermo de amor = be lovesick.* estar en flor = be in bloom, be in flower.* estar en floración = be in bloom, be in flower.* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.* estar enfrascado en Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.* estar enfrentados = be at loggerheads.* estar en funcionamiento = be up.* estar en función de = be a function of.* estar en guardia = be on guard (against), be on + Posesivo + guard.* estar en guerra con = be at war with.* estar en igualdad de condiciones con = be on (an) equal footing with.* estar en inferioridad de condiciones = punch above + Posesivo + weight.* estar en juego = be at stake.* estar en la gloria = be on cloud nine, float on + air.* estar en la inopia = live in + cloud cuckoo land.* estar en la mejor posición para = be best positioned to.* estar en la misma categoria que = rank with.* estar en la onda = attune to + wavelength.* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estar en lo cierto = hit + the truth.* estar en manos privadas = hold in + private hands.* estar en marcha = tick over.* estar en mayoría = be in the majority.* estar en medio de = caught in the middle.* estar en minoría = be in the minority.* estar en misa y repicando = have + a finger in every pie.* estar enojado = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle.* estar en paz = pay + Posesivo + dues.* estar en peligro = be in jeopardy, be in question, be endangered, be at risk, be at stake.* estar en peligro (de) = be in danger (of).* estar en posición de = be in a position to.* estar en proceso de = be on the way to, be in the process of, be in the course of.* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.* estar en proceso de + Infinitivo = be on to + Infinitivo.* estar en retirada = be in retreat.* estar en ruinas = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar en sintonía con = attune to.* estar en situación de = be in a position to.* estar en suspense = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar en tensión = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.* estar en trance de = be in the process of.* estar entre = fall between.* estar entre la espada y la pared = be on the horns of a dilemma.* estar entre los primeros = stay on top.* estar entre rejas = be behind bars.* estar entusiasmado = be thrilled.* estar en un aprieto = be in a fix.* estar en una situación diferente = be on a different track.* estar en un berenjenal = be (in) a mess.* estar en un mar de dudas = feel at + sea, be all at sea.* estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.* estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.* estar en un sinvivir = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.* estar en venta = be up for sale.* estar en vías de = be on the road to, be in the process of.* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.* estar en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.* estar equivoado = miss + the point.* estar equivocado = be mistaken, be wide of the mark, be wrong, be in error, miss + the mark, be in the wrong.* estar equivocado en + Número + cosas = be wrong on + Número + count(s).* estar erróneo = be in error.* estar esparcido = lie + scattered.* estar estrechamente ligado a = be closely tied to.* estar estropeado = be kaput.* estar estropeándose = be on the way out.* estar exento de pagar impuestos = write off.* estar falto de = be short of.* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.* estar familiarizado con = have + familiarity with.* estar firmemente convencido = strongly held opinion.* estar frenético = be furious.* estar frito de sed = be parched, spit + feathers, be parched with thirst.* estar fuera = be out.* estar fuera con los amigos = be out with the guys.* estar fuera de contienda = be out of contention.* estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.* estar fuera de las posibilidades de Alguien = be out of + Posesivo + league.* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.* estar fuera de quicio = be beside + Reflexivo.* estar fuera de rumbo = be off course.* estar fuera de secuencia = be out of order.* estar fuera de sí = be beside + Reflexivo.* estar funcionando = be in place.* estar furioso = fume.* estar + Gerundio = be on the way to.* estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.* estar haciendo = be up to.* estar haciendo Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.* estar haciendo algo que no se debe = be up to no good, get up to + no good.* estar hambriento = starve.* estar harto = have had enough.* estar harto de = be all too familiar with, be sick and tired of.* estar hasta la coronilla de = be sick and tired of.* estar hecho a escala = be to scale.* estar hecho con la intención de = be intended for/to.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* estar hecho el uno para el otro = be well suited to each other, be two of a kind, be a right pair.* estar hecho para = be geared to, be intended for/to, mean, be cut out for.* estar hecho polvo = be + wreck.* estar hecho un desastre = look like + a wreck, be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.* estar hecho un esqueleto = be a bag of bones.* estar hecho un flan = shake like + a leaf, tremble like + a leaf.* estar hecho un lío = be at sixes and sevens with.* estar hecho un perla = be a bit of a lad.* estar hecho un pinta = be a bit of a lad.* estar hecho un prenda = be a bit of a lad.* estar helado = be frozen stiff.* estar implícito en = run through.* estar inactivo = lie + fallow, lie + dormant.* estar incluido = be embedded.* estar indeciso = be hesitant (to).* estar indeciso entre... o... = be torn between... and....* estar inerte = lie + fallow.* estar informado puntualmente sobre = monitor + information on.* estar inmune a = be immune against.* estar inquieto = be disturbed.* estar interesado en = be interested in, be keen to.* estar inundado de = be snowed under with.* estar junto a = stand by + Lugar.* estar juntos = be together, stand + together.* estar justo en medio de = stand + squarely in.* estar la mar de contento = be over the moon.* estar lejos de (ser) + Infinitivo = be far from + Gerundio.* estar levantado = be up.* estar libre de = be free from.* estar ligado a = be bound up with.* estar listo = stand + ready, be ready.* estar listo para = be poised to, stand + poised, be all set to.* estar lleno de problemas = bristle with + problems.* estar localizable = be locatable.* estar loco = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar loco de alegría = be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits, be tickled pink.* estar loco de contento = be beside + Reflexivo + with joy, be over the moon, be over the moon.* estar loco de remate = be a real nutter.* estar loco por = have + a crush on.* estar majareta = be off + Posesivo + rocker.* estar mal = be wrong, feel under + the weather, be under the weather.* estar mal comunicado con = have + poor connections with.* estar mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.* estar manga por hombro = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar marcado por = be pockmarked with.* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.* estar mejor = be better off, be better served by.* estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.* estar molesto = be displeased, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, put off.* estar motivado = be motivated, have + motivation.* estar moviéndose en terreno seguro = be on secure ground.* estar muerto de asco = be bored to death, be bored stiff, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.* estar muerto de frío = be frozen stiff.* estar muerto de hambre = be starving to death.* estar muerto de miedo = be scared stiff, be frightened to death, be petrified of, be terrified.* estar muerto de sed = spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.* estar muy acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.* estar muy agradecido a = be indebted to.* estar muy alejado de = be a long way from.* estar muy arraigado en = be well embedded in.* estar muy bajo = be way down.* estar muy cerca de = be one step away from, be steps away from, come + very close to.* estar muy convencido de = have + strong feelings about.* estar muy emocionado con/por = be excited about.* estar muy esparcido = spread + Nombre + thinly.* estar muy lejano = be far off.* estar muy lejos = be far off, be a long way off.* estar muy por delante de = be way out ahead of.* estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.* estar muy puesto = stay on top of + the game, stay on top.* estar muy separado = set + far apart.* estar muy usado = be well thumbed.* estar nervioso = be in a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* estar oculto = lie + hidden.* estar ocupado = busyness, be engaged, be tied up.* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.* estar orgulloso de = be proud (of/to).* estar orientado a/para = be geared to.* estar orientado hacia = target.* estar orientado hacia + Nombre = be + Nombre + driven.* estar patas arriba = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.* estar pendiente de = be on the lookout for, pay + attention to, keep + an eye on, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estar perdido = be out of + Posesivo + league, be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head, be all at sea.* estar permitido = be permissible.* estar plagado de = be rife with.* estar plenamente convencido de Algo = feel (it) in + Posesivo + bones.* estar pluriempleado = moonlight, work + a second job.* estar pluriempleado, tener un segundo trabajo, tener un segundo empleo = work + a second job.* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* estar por demostrar = be unproven.* estar por detrás = be behind.* estar por encima de = overlay, overlie.* estar por las nubes = be through the roof.* estar por ver = be an open question.* estar poseído por los espíritus = haunt.* estar precavido = be on + Posesivo + guard, be on guard (against).* estar predestinado a = be predestined to.* estar predispuesto = feel + partial.* estar predispuesto a = be predisposed to/toward(s).* estar preñada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar preocupadísimo = be worried stiff (about), be worried sick.* estar preocupado por = be anxious to.* estar preparado = be readied, stand + ready, be ready.* estar preparado para = be geared up for/to, stand + poised.* estar preparado y dispuesto a = be willing and able to.* estar preparado y dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.* estar presente = be manifest, be present, be in evidence.* estar presionado = be under the gun.* estar propuesto a = be intent on.* estar próximo = be at hand.* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).* estar que + subirse + por las paredes = tear + Posesivo + hair out.* estar realizándose = underway [under way], be in progress, be in hand.* estar rebosante de = spill over with.* estar rebosante de salud = fit as a fiddle.* estar relacionado con = be associated with, regard.* estar relacionado con el trabajo = be work related.* estar resentido = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.* estar resfriado = have + a cold.* estar respaldado por Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.* estar restringido = be constrained.* estar resuelto a = be intent on, be all set to.* estar saliendo con alguien = be in a dating relationship.* estar salpicado de = be dotted with.* estar sano y salvo = be alive and well.* estar satisfecho (de) = be satisfied (with).* estar saturado de trabajo = work to + capacity.* estar sediento = be thirsty, spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.* estar seguro = be sure, make + sure, set + your watch by.* estar seguro de = be certain (of), be confident about, feel + confident.* estar seguro de que = be confident that.* estar sentado sin hacer o decir nada = sit by.* estar separado = set + apart.* estar separado de = be remote from.* estar sesgado = bias, slant.* estar siempre + Adjetivo = be ever + Adjetivo.* estar siempre buscando = be on the lookout for.* estar siempre dispuesto a ayudar = be always willing to assist.* estar siendo + Participio = be in process of + Nombre.* estar sin blanca = not have a bean.* estar sin hacer nada = sit + idle, stand + idle.* estar sin trabajo = stay out of + work.* estar sin una pela = not have a bean.* estar sin un centavo = not have a bean.* estar sin un céntimo = not have a bean* * *■ estar (cópula)A seguido de adjetivosB estar bien, mal, mejor, peorC hablando de estado civilD seguido de participiosE con preposición + predicadoF con que + predicado■ estar (verbo intransitivo)A quedar ubicadoB1 hallarse en cierto momento2 figurarC1 hallarse en determinado lugar2 acudirD1 quedarse, permanecer2 vivirSentido II en el tiempoA existir, haberB tener como función etcC radicarD estar listo, terminadoE quedar entendidoF quedar grande, pequeño etcG Derecho■ estar (verbo auxiliar)A con gerundioB con participio■ estarse (verbo pronominal)A permanecerB acudirA (seguido de adjetivos) [ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser1 (↑ ser (1)) . Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser1 (↑ ser (1)) ] to be¡qué gordo está! isn't he fat!, hasn't he got(ten) fat! o put on a lot of weight!¡qué alto está Ignacio! isn't Ignacio tall now!, hasn't Ignacio got(ten) tall o grown!¡pobre abuelo! está viejo poor grandpa! he's really agedel rape está delicioso ¿qué le has puesto? the monkfish is delicious, how did you cook it?está muy simpático con nosotros ¿qué querrá? he's being o he's been so nice to us (recently), what do you think he's after?no estuvo grosero contigo — sí, lo estuvo he wasn't rude to you — yes, he wasestás muy callado ¿qué te pasa? you're very quiet, what's the matter?¡pero tú estás casi calvo! but you're almost bald, but you've gone almost bald o you've lost almost all your hair!¿no me oyes? ¿estás sorda? can't you hear me? are you deaf?¿está muerto/vivo? is he dead/alive?está cansada/furiosa/embarazada she is tired/furious/pregnant¿cómo están por tu casa? — están todos bien, gracias how's everybody at home? — they're all fine, thanks¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive himC (hablando de estado civil) to beestá casada con un primo mío she's married to a cousin of minesus padres están divorciados her parents are divorcedD(seguido de participios): estaba sentado/echado en la cama he was sitting/lying on the bedestá colgado de una rama it's hanging from a branchestaban abrazados they had their arms around each otherestaba arrodillada she was kneeling (down)E (con predicado introducido por preposición) to be (para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente)estoy a régimen I'm on a diet¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?estamos como al principio we're back to where we startedestá con el sarampión she has (the) measlesestoy con muchas ganas de empezar I'm really looking forward to startingsiempre está con lo mismo/con que es un incomprendido he's always going on about the same thing/about how nobody understands himestaba de luto/de uniforme he was in mourning/uniformhoy está de mejor humor she's in a better mood todayestán de limpieza/viaje they're spring-cleaning/on a tripestoy de cocinera hasta que vuelva mi madre I'm doing the cooking until my mother comes backestuvo de secretaria en una empresa internacional she worked as a secretary in an international companyestás en un error you're mistakenno estoy para fiestas/bromas I'm not in the mood for parties/jokingestamos sin electricidad we don't have any electricity at the moment, the electricity is off at the momentéste está sin pintar this one hasn't been painted yetyo estoy contigo, creo que ella está equivocada I agree with you o ( colloq) I'm with you, I think she's mistakennuestro partido está con el pueblo our party supports o is on the side of the peopleel pueblo está con nosotros the people are with usestar en algo: todavía no hemos solucionado el problema, pero estamos en ello or eso we still haven't solved the problem, but we're working on itestá que no hay quien lo aguante he's (being) unbearableel agua está que pela the water's scalding hotviA «edificio/pueblo» (quedar, estar ubicado) ; to bela agencia está en el centro the agency is in the center¿dónde está Camagüey? where's Camagüey?el pueblo está a 20 kilómetros de aquí the town's 20 kilometers from hereB1 «persona/objeto» (hallarse en cierto momento) to be¿a qué hora tienes que estar allí? what time do you have to be there?estando allí conoció a Micaela he met Micaela while he was there¿dónde estábamos la clase pasada? where did we get to o had we got(ten) to in the last class?2 (figurar) to beesa palabra no está en el diccionario that word isn't in the dictionaryyo no estaba en la lista I wasn't on the list, my name didn't appear on the listC1(hallarse en determinado lugar): fui a verla pero no estaba I went to see her but she wasn't there¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?¿estamos todos? are we all here?, is everyone here?2D1(quedarse, permanecer): sólo estaré unos días I'll only be staying a few days, I'll only be here/there a few days¿cuánto tiempo estuviste en Londres? how long were you in London?2(vivir): ya no vivimos allí, ahora estamos en Soca we don't live there anymore, we're in o we live in Soca nowde momento estoy con mi hermana at the moment I'm staying with my sister(en el tiempo): ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today o today's date?, what date is it today?estamos a mediados de mes we're halfway through the monthestamos en primavera it's spring, spring has come¿en qué mes estamos? what month are we in o is it?ellos están en primavera ahora it's spring for them now, it's their spring nowA(existir, haber): y después está el problema de la financiación and then there's the problem of financeB (tener como función, cometido) estar PARA algo:para eso estamos that's what we're here forpara eso están los amigos that's what friends are forya que estamos/estás while we're/you're at it o ( BrE) about itC(radicar): ahí está el quid del asunto that's the crux of the matterestar EN algo:la dificultad está en hacerlo sin mirar the difficult thing is to do it o the difficulty lies in doing it without lookingtodo está en que él quiera ayudarnos it all depends on whether he wants to help us or notD(estar listo, terminado): la carne todavía no está the meat's not ready yetlo atas con un nudo aquí y ya está you tie a knot in it here and that's it o there you areenseguida estoy I'll be with you in a minute o in a second, I'll be right with you¡ya está! ¡ya sé lo que podemos hacer! I've got it! I know what we can do!¡ahí está! that's it!E(quedar entendido): quiero que estés de vuelta a las diez ¿estamos? or (Ur) ¿está? I want you to be back by ten, all right?que no vuelva a suceder ¿estamos? don't let it happen again, understand? o is that understood? o ( colloq) got it?F( Esp) (quedar) (+ me/te/le etc), (+ compl): esa falda te está grande/pequeña that skirt's too big/too small for youla 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you betterse estará a lo estipulado en la cláusula 20 the stipulations of clause 20 will apply■A(con gerundio): está lloviendo it's rainingno hagas ruido, están durmiendo don't make any noise, they're asleepse está afeitando/duchando or está afeitándose/duchándose he's shaving/taking a showerestuve un rato hablando con él I was talking o I talked to him for a while¿qué estará pensando? I wonder what she's thinkingya estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossibleya te estás quitando de ahí, que ése es mi lugar ( fam); OK, out of there/off there, that's my place ( colloq)B(con participio): ¿esta ropa está planchada? have these clothes been ironed?, are these clothes ironed?la foto estaba tomada desde muy lejos the photo had been taken from a long way away o from a great distanceese asiento está ocupado that seat is takenya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man nowestá hecha una vaga she's got(ten) o become lazy■ estarseA ( enf) (permanecer) to stayse estuvo horas ahí sentado sin moverse he remained sitting there for hours without moving, he sat there for hours without moving¿no te puedes estar quieto un momento? can't you stay o keep still for a minute?estése tranquilo don't worryestáte allí media hora antes be there o arrive half an hour before( esp AmL)living room* * *
estar 1 ( conjugate estar) cópula
1a) ( seguido de adjetivos)◊ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1 to be;
estás más gordo you've put on weight;
estoy cansada I'm tired;
está muy simpático conmigo he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently);
¡todo está tan caro! things are o have become so expensive!b) ( con◊ bien, mal, mejor, peor): están todos bien, gracias they're all fine, thanks;
¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!;
está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive him;
ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
3 ( seguido de participios)
estaban abrazados they had their arms around each other;
ver tb v aux 2
4 ( seguido de preposición) to be;
(para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente);
¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?;
está con el sarampión she has (the) measles;
estoy de cocinera I'm doing the cooking;
estamos sin electricidad the electricity is off at the moment;
está sin pintar it hasn't been painted yet
verbo intransitivo
1 ( en un lugar) to be;◊ ¿dónde está Chiapas? where's Chiapas?;
está a 20 kilómetros de aquí it's 20 kilometers from here;
¿sabes dónde está Pedro? do you know where Pedro is?;
¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?;
solo estaré unos días I'll only be staying a few days;
¿cuánto tiempo estarás en Londres? how long are you going to be in London (for)?
2 ( en el tiempo):◊ ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?;
¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today?;
estamos a 28 de mayo it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May;
estamos en primavera it's spring
3a) (tener como función, cometido):
estamos para ayudarlos we're here to help them
4 (estar listo, terminado):
lo atas con un nudo y ya está you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are;
enseguida estoy I'll be right with you
5 (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl):
la 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you better
estar v aux
1 ( con gerundio):
estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible
2 ( con participio):
ya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man now;
ver tb estar cópula 3
estarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ( permanecer) to stay;◊ ¿no te puedes estar quieto? can't you stay o keep still?;
estese tranquilo don't worry
estar 2 sustantivo masculino (esp AmL) living room
estar verbo intransitivo
1 (existir, hallarse) to be: está al norte, it is to the north
¿estarás en casa?, will you be at home?
no está en ningún lado, it isn't anywhere
estamos aquí para servirle, we are at your service
su pedido aún no está, your order isn't ready yet
2 (permanecer) to stay: estos días estoy en casa de mis padres, these days I'm staying at my parents' place
estoy en la oficina de ocho a dos, I'm at the office from eight to two
quiero que estés aquí un minuto, ahora vuelvo, stay here, I'll be right back
3 (tener una situación actual determinada: con adjetivo o participio) estaba blanco como la cera, he had turned as white as a sheet
está dormido, he's asleep
está teñida de rubio, her hair's dyed blonde
(con gerundio) está estudiando, he is studying
estaba preparando la comida, I was cooking
(con adverbio) estoy tan lejos, I'm so far away
está muy mal, (enfermo) he is very ill
4 (quedar, sentar) el jersey me está pequeño, the sweater is too small for me
5 (para indicar precio, grados, fecha) (+ a: fecha) to be: ¿a qué día estamos?, what's the date?
estamos a 1 de Julio, it is the first of July
(: precio) to be at: ¿a cómo/cuánto están las manzanas?, how much are the apples?
están a setenta pesetas el kilo, they're seventy pesetas a kilo
(: grados) en Madrid estamos a cuarenta grados, it's forty degrees in Madrid
♦ Locuciones: ¿estamos?, agreed?
estar a disposición de, to be at the disposal of
estar a la que salta, to be ready to take advantage of an opportunity
estar a las duras y a las maduras, to take the bad with the good
estar al caer, to be just round the corner
estar en baja, to be waning
estar en todo, to be on top of everything
estaría bueno, whatever next
ESTAR CON: (de acuerdo con) estoy con María, I agree with Mary
ESTAR DE: estoy de broma, I'm joking
está de camarero, he's working as a waiter
estaba de Dios que las cosas sucedieran así, it was God's will that things turned out this way, está de vacaciones, he's on holiday
me voy a marchar porque está claro que aquí estoy de más, I'm going to go because it's obvious that I'm in the way
ESTAR ENCIMA: su madre siempre está encima de él, his mother is always on top of him
ESTAR PARA: no estamos para bromas, we are in no mood for jokes
esa ropa está para planchar, these clothes are ready to be ironed
cuando estaba para salir, me llamaron, when I was just about to leave, they called me
ESTAR POR: la casa está por construir, the house has still to be built
estuve por decirle lo que pensaba, I was tempted to tell him what I thought
estoy por la igualdad de derechos, I'm for equal rights
ESTAR QUE: está que no puede con su alma, he is exhausted
familiar está que trina, he's hopping mad
ESTAR TRAS: está tras el ascenso, he is after promotion
estoy tras una blusa blanca, I'm looking for a white blouse
El uso del verbo to stay como traducción de estar en un lugar es incorrecto, a menos que quieras expresar lo contrario de irse o marcharse (no me voy a la playa, estaré en casa todo el verano, I'm not going to the beach, I'm staying at home all summer) o te refieras a alojarse: Estoy en el Palace. I'm staying at the Palace.
' estar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abismo
- acatarrada
- acatarrado
- acecho
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acostada
- acostado
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
- activa
- activo
- afónica
- afónico
- agradecer
- agua
- aire
- ajo
- ala
- alero
- alerta
- amiga
- amigo
- andar
- antena
- apañada
- apañado
- apogeo
- ascua
- atar
- aviar
- azotea
- Babia
- baja
- bandera
- banquillo
- barco
- blanca
- bordear
- borracha
- borracho
- bote
- braga
- brecha
- brete
- buena
- bueno
- cabal
- cabeza
- cabo
English:
about
- accustom
- action
- agree
- agreement
- ahead
- air
- alert
- alive
- alone
- aloof
- amenable
- amiss
- antsy
- anxious
- approve
- associate
- attend
- away
- back
- ball
- barbecue
- be
- bean
- beck
- beg
- behind
- believe in
- beside
- best
- board
- boil
- book
- boom
- bored
- brain
- breath
- bristle with
- broke
- brown
- bulge
- burn
- by
- cake
- call
- change
- charge
- cheese off
- clash
- close
* * *♦ vi1. [hallarse] to be;¿dónde está la llave? where is the key?;¿está María? – no, no está is Maria there? – no, she's not here2. [con fechas]¿a qué estamos hoy? what's the date today?;hoy estamos a martes/a 15 de julio today is Tuesday/15 July;estábamos en octubre it was October;estamos en invierno it's winter3. [quedarse] to stay, to be;estaré un par de horas y me iré I'll stay a couple of hours and then I'll go;¿cuánto tiempo piensas estar? how long do you plan on staying?;estuvimos una semana en su casa we stayed with her for a week, we spent a week at her placeel dólar está a 10 pesos the dollar is at 10 pesos;están a dos euros el kilo they're two euros a kilo5. [hallarse listo] to be ready;¿aún no está ese trabajo? is that piece of work still not ready?;¿ya estás? pues, vámonos are you ready? let's go thenpara eso están los amigos that's what friends are for;para eso estoy that's what I'm here for;la vida está para vivirla life is for living;no tires eso al suelo, que las papeleras están para algo don't throw that on the floor, the wastepaper bins are there for a reason7. (antes de gerundio) [expresa duración] to be;están golpeando la puerta they're banging on the door8. (antes de “sin” + infinitivo) [expresa negación]estoy sin dormir desde ayer I haven't slept since yesterday;está sin acabar it's not finished;estuve sin voz dos días I had no voice o I lost my voice for two dayseso está por ver that remains to be seen;todavía está por hacer it hasn't been done yetel problema está en la fecha the problem is the date;el truco está en no mirar nunca al suelo the trick o secret is not to look at the ground[acontecimiento] to be about to happen;estar por hacer algo to be on the verge of doing sth;estuve por pegarle I was on the verge of hitting him;estoy por no ir I'm not so sure I want to go;estuve por llamarte I was about to phone you, I was just going to phone youno estoy para bromas I'm not in the mood for jokes;el enfermo no está para ver a nadie the patient is in no condition to see anyoneestoy por la libertad de expresión I'm in favour of o for freedom of speechestuvieron a visitarlo they went to visit him♦ v copulativo1. (antes de adj) [expresa cualidad, estado] to be;los pasteles están ricos the cakes are delicious;esta calle está sucia this street is dirty;¡qué alta estás! you've really grown!;estoy cansado/enfadado I'm tired/angry;¿qué tal estás? how are you?;está muy irritable últimamente she's been very irritable lately;está divorciado he's divorced;estoy enfermo/mareado I am ill/I feel sick;Andescuando estaba chiquito when I was little2. (antes de “con” o “sin” + sustantivo) [expresa estado] to be;estamos sin agua we have no water, we're without water;Famestoy sin blanca I'm broke, Br I'm skintestar de viaje to be on a trip;estar de mudanza to be (in the process of) moving;estamos de suerte we're in luck;estar de mal humor to be in a (bad) mood;¿has cambiado la rueda? – estoy en ello have you changed the tyre? – I'm working on it o I'm doing it right now;¡ya está bien! that's enough (of that)!estar en guardia to be on guardyo he estado de portero toda la primera parte I've been in goal all of the first halfesa falda te está corta that skirt's too short for you;¿cómo me está? how does this look?8. (antes de “que” + verbo) [expresa actitud]está que muerde porque ha suspendido he's furious because he failed♦ v aux1. (antes de gerundio) to be;estuvo nevando it was snowing;se está peinando she's brushing her hair;estuvieron discutiendo durante toda la reunión they spent the whole meeting arguing, they were arguing throughout the whole meeting;mañana a estas horas estaré bañándome en la playa this time tomorrow I'll be swimming at the beach2. (antes de participio)está terminado it's finished;está organizado por el ayuntamiento it's organized by the town council* * *v/i¿cómo está Vd.? how are you?;estoy mejor I’m (feeling) better;estoy bien/mal I’m fine/I’m not feeling too great;estar de tres meses be three months pregnant;estar sin dinero have no money;¡ya estoy! I’m ready!:¿está Javier? is Javier in?;mi padre no está my father isn’t here;¡ahí está! there it is!;ahora estoy con Vd. I’ll be with you in just a moment;¿dónde estábamos? where were we?3:estar haciendo algo be doing sth;estoy leyendo I’m reading4 ( sentar):te está grande it's too big for you;el vestido te está bien the dress suits you5:está de camarero he’s working as a waiter6 ( padecer de):estar del corazón/estómago have heart/stomach problems:estamos a 3 de enero it’s January 3rd;el kilo está a un peso they’re one peso a kilo8:estar con alguien agree with s.o.; ( apoyar) support s.o.;estar a bien/mal con alguien be on good/bad terms with s.o.;estar en algo be working on sth;estar para hacer algo be about to do sth;no estar para algo not be in a mood for sth;estar por algo be in favor of sth;está por hacer it hasn’t been done yet;¡ya está! that’s it!* * *estar {34} v aux: to beestoy aprendiendo inglés: I'm learning Englishestá terminado: it's finishedestar viestá muy alto: he's so tall, he's gotten very tall¿ya estás mejor?: are you feeling better now?estoy casado: I'm marriedestán en la mesa: they're on the tableestamos en la página 2: we're on page 23) : to be at home¿está María?: is Maria in?4) : to remainestaré aquí 5 días: I'll be here for 5 days5) : to be ready, to be doneestará para las diez: it will be ready by ten o'clock6) : to agree¿estamos?: are we in agreement?estoy contigo: I'm with you7)¿cómo estás? : how are you?8)¡está bien! : all right!, that's fine!9)estar a : to costestar a : to be¿a qué dia estamos?: what's today's date?estar con : to haveestá con fiebre: she has a feverestar de : to beestoy de vacaciones: I'm on vacationestá de director hoy: he's acting as director todayestar bien (mal) : to be well (sick)estar para : to be in the mood forestar por : to be in favor ofestar por : to be about toestá por cerrar: it's on the verge of closingestar de más : to be unnecessaryestar que : to be (in a state or condition)está que echa chispas: he's hopping mad* * *estar vb1. (en general) to be¿estás cansada? are you tired?2. (uso auxiliar) to be3. (en casa, en el trabajo) to be in / to be there / to be here¿está Pepe? is Pepe in? / is Pepe there?¿está tu madre en casa? is your mother in?4. (listo, preparado) to be ready5. (aspecto) to look¡qué guapo estás! you look very smart!estar a... to be...¿a cuánto están los tomates? how much are the tomatoes?estar de... to be... -
5 volar
adj.volar.v.1 to fly.hubo una pelea y empezaron a volar sillas y botellas there was a fight and the chairs and bottles started to flyechar(se) a volar to fly away o offsalir volando to fly off; (pájaro, insecto) to blow away (papeles, sombrero, ceniza)El chico voló ayer The boy flew=traveled by air yesterday.El avión voló ayer The plane flew yesterday.2 to disappear, to vanish (informal) (desaparecer).3 to fly (off), to rush (off).volar a hacer algo to rush off to do somethinghacer algo volando to do something at top speedme voy volando I must fly o dash4 to fly by.5 to blow up (hacer estallar) (en guerras, atentados).La fábrica de gas voló The gas factory blew up.Los aviones volaron la ciudad enemiga The planes blew up the enemy city.6 to pilot, to fly.El chico voló el avión The boy piloted the plane.7 to dynamite, to bomb out.Ellos volaron la mina They dynamited the mine.8 to evaporate, to vaporize.9 to swipe, to thieve, to steal, to rob.10 to drive mad, to drive crazy, to derange.* * *1 (ir por el aire) to fly2 figurado (papeles etc) to be blown away3 figurado (ir deprisa) to fly5 figurado (sobresalir de un edificio) to jut out, project6 figurado (noticia etc) to spread rapidly1 figurado (hacer explotar - edificio) to blow up, demolish; (- caja fuerte) to blow open; (- en minería) to blast2 figurado (en impresión) to raise3 (en caza) to flush1 (papeles etc) to be blown away2 figurado (irritarse) to blow up, lose one's temper\echarse a volar to fly away, fly offhacer algo volando familiar to do something as quick as a flash, do something in a jiffy¡volando! familiar jump to it!* * *verb1) to fly2) hurry3) disappear4) burst, explode* * *1. VI1) (=en el aire) [avión, pájaro, persona] to flynunca he volado en helicóptero — I've never flown in o been in a helicopter
¿a qué hora vuelas mañana? — what time is your flight tomorrow?, what time do you fly tomorrow?
[+ noticia] to spread"vuela con Iberia" — "fly (with) Iberia"
volar alto —
burro 2., 1)desde pequeño se le notaban las ganas de volar solo — since he was a child you could see how much he wanted to do things his own way
2)• hacer volar algo/a algn — to blow sth/sb up
el choque le hizo volar por los aires a más de dos metros de la carretera — he was thrown more than two metres from the road by the impact
3)volando: ¡venga, volando, que nos vamos! — come on, get a move on, we're going! *
¡voy para allá volando! — I'll be right there! *
pasó volando en la moto — he whizzed o sped past on his motorbike
•
volar a hacer algo — to rush to do sth4) (=pasar rápido) [noticia] to travel fast; [tiempo] to fly; [días, semanas, meses] to fly by¡cómo vuela el tiempo! — (how) time flies!
5) *(=desaparecer) [objeto, persona] to go, disappearcuando me di cuenta, el bolso ya había volado — before I knew it, the bag was gone o had gone o had disappeared
en una semana volaron las diez botellas — the ten bottles went o disappeared in the space of a week
cuando llegó la policía los ladrones ya habían volado — when the police arrived the robbers had vanished o disappeared
6) (Arquit) to stick out7) (Méx)* [alcohol, diluyente] to evaporate8) * (con drogas) to trip *, get high *2. VT1) (=hacer volar) [+ cometa, globo] to fly(Caza) [+ pájaro] to flush out2) (=hacer explotar) [+ edificio, vehículo] to blow up; [+ caja fuerte] to blow (open)3) (Tip) [+ letra, número] to put in superscript4) (Chile, Méx, Ven)* (=robar) to pinch *, nick *5) (LAm)* (=irritar) [+ persona] to irritate6) (CAm)3.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) pájaro/avión to fly2)a) tiempo to flyb) volando gerundio <comer/cambiarse> in a rush, in a hurryse fue volando — he/she rushed off
las entradas se acaban volando — the tickets sell out very quickly o in no time at all
quedar(se) volando — (Méx fam) asunto/persona to be left up in the air
3)a) ( con el viento)b) (fam) ( desaparecer) to vanish, disappearlos bombones volaron — the chocolates vanished o disappeared
c) (Méx fam)2.a volar: niños, a volar OK you kids, go away o get out of here; toma el dinero y a volar take the money and run; mandar a volar a alguien — (Méx) to tell somebody to get lost (colloq)
volar vt1) <puente/edificio> to blow up; < caja fuerte> to blow2) (Méx, Ven fam) ( robar) to swipe (colloq), to nick (BrE colloq)3.volarse v pron1) (AmS fam) (de rabia, fiebre)estaba que se volaba de rabia — she was beside herself with rage o anger
2)a) (Col fam) preso to escapeb) (Col, Méx fam) alumno to play hooky (esp AmE colloq), to skive off (school) (BrE colloq)3) (Méx fam)a) ( coquetear) to flirtb) ( robar) to swipe (colloq), nick (BrE colloq)* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) pájaro/avión to fly2)a) tiempo to flyb) volando gerundio <comer/cambiarse> in a rush, in a hurryse fue volando — he/she rushed off
las entradas se acaban volando — the tickets sell out very quickly o in no time at all
quedar(se) volando — (Méx fam) asunto/persona to be left up in the air
3)a) ( con el viento)b) (fam) ( desaparecer) to vanish, disappearlos bombones volaron — the chocolates vanished o disappeared
c) (Méx fam)2.a volar: niños, a volar OK you kids, go away o get out of here; toma el dinero y a volar take the money and run; mandar a volar a alguien — (Méx) to tell somebody to get lost (colloq)
volar vt1) <puente/edificio> to blow up; < caja fuerte> to blow2) (Méx, Ven fam) ( robar) to swipe (colloq), to nick (BrE colloq)3.volarse v pron1) (AmS fam) (de rabia, fiebre)estaba que se volaba de rabia — she was beside herself with rage o anger
2)a) (Col fam) preso to escapeb) (Col, Méx fam) alumno to play hooky (esp AmE colloq), to skive off (school) (BrE colloq)3) (Méx fam)a) ( coquetear) to flirtb) ( robar) to swipe (colloq), nick (BrE colloq)* * *volar11 = fly, take to + the sky.Ex: For example, pilots flying on international routes sometimes have problems in understanding weather reports spoken in English but with a heavy local accent.
Ex: A new flying invention has been unveiled in the US, which could see humans take to the sky.* condición de estar apto para volar = airworthiness.* echar a volar = take + flight.* el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).* escuchar las moscas volar = hear a pin drop.* ir volando = hot-foot it to.* más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.* que vuela bajo = low-flying.* salir volando = bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off.* volar con ala delta = hang-glide.* volar del nido = fly + the nest, leave + the nest.* volar en el aire = fly in + the air.volar22 = blast.Ex: By blasting the face of the falls and excavating an underground cavern, the utility company channeled water through pipes to turbines at the base of the falls.
* volar con dinamita = dynamite.* * *viA «pájaro/avión» to flyvolaremos a una altura de 10.000 metros we shall be cruising at an altitude of 10,000 metersno me gusta volar, prefiero el tren I don't like flying, I prefer to go by trainB1 «tiempo» to fly¡cómo vuela el tiempo! doesn't time fly!estos dos años han volado these two years have flown by o have flown past o have gone by very fastlas malas noticias vuelan bad news travels fasttengo que irme volando I have to rush offlas vacaciones se me han pasado volando the holidays have flown o ( colloq) whizzed pastlas entradas se acaban volando the tickets sell out very quickly o in no time at alltuve que comer volando I had to eat in a rush o to bolt my foodestá volando y se va a caer it isn't steady o it's unsteady and it's going to fallel asunto de la casa está volando the matter of the house is still up in the air o is still undecidedC1(con el viento): volaron todos los papeles my papers blew all over the place, the wind blew my papers all over the placeel sombrero voló his hat blew off/away2 ( fam) (desaparecer) to vanish, disappearlos bombones en seguida volaron the chocolates vanished o disappeared in no timehoy día el sueldo vuela nowadays my salary seems to disappear o go in no time3a volar con tus ideas raras you and your weird ideas, get out of here! ( colloq)toma el dinero y a volar take the money and runD ( Arquit) to projectE( AmS fam) (de rabia, fiebre): estaba que volaba de rabia she was beside herself with rage o with angertiene una fiebre que vuela he has a really high temperature, he has a very bad fever■ volarvtA ‹puente/edificio› to blow up; ‹caja fuerte› to blowsi se lo dices, lo vuelas if you tell him, it'll drive him mad o he'll go crazy ( colloq)■ volarseA ( Col fam) «preso» to escape; «alumno» to play hooky ( esp AmE) ( colloq), to skive off (school) ( BrE colloq)el marido se voló con otra her husband ran away o ran off with another woman* * *
volar ( conjugate volar) verbo intransitivo
1 [pájaro/avión] to fly
2
◊ ¡cómo vuela el tiempo! doesn't time fly!;
las malas noticias vuelan bad news travels fastb)
se fue volando he/she rushed off;
sus clases se me pasan volando her classes seem to go so quickly
3
verbo transitivo
1 ‹puente/edificio› to blow up;
‹ caja fuerte› to blow
2 (Méx, Ven fam) ( robar) to swipe (colloq), to nick (BrE colloq)
volarse verbo pronominal
1
2
volar
I verbo intransitivo
1 (un avión, ave, insecto) to fly: la mosca echó a volar, the fly flew off
2 (apresuradamente) volando, in a flash, in a hurry: nos fuimos volando, we rushed off
3 fam (terminarse, desaparecer) to disappear, vanish: todo el dinero que tenía voló en cuestión de meses, he blew all his money in a question of months
II vtr (usando explosivos: una casa, fábrica, etc) to blow up
(: una caja blindada, etc) to blow open
' volar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aire
- alto
- bajo
- barrenar
- cometa
- echar
- grande
- ras
- vuela
English:
blast
- blow
- blow up
- bomb
- fly
- foolish
- fundamental
- jet
- nonstop
- overcome
- sail
- soar
- circle
- cruise
- full
- low
- nick
* * *♦ vi1. [pájaro, insecto, avión, pasajero] to fly;volar a [una altura] to fly at;[un lugar] to fly to;volamos a 5.000 pies de altura we're flying at 5,000 feet;volar en avión/helicóptero to fly in a plane/helicopter;echar(se) a volar to fly away o off;hacer volar una cometa to fly a kite;salir volando to fly off;volar alto to go far2. [papeles, sombrero, ceniza] to blow away;hubo una pelea y empezaron a volar sillas y botellas there was a fight and the chairs and bottles started to fly;salir volando to blow away;volar por los aires [estallar] to be blown into the air3. [correr] to fly, to rush (off);volar a hacer algo to rush off to do sth;hacer algo volando to do sth at top speed;me visto volando y nos vamos I'll get dressed quickly and we can go;¡tráeme volando algo para tapar la herida! bring me something to bandage the wound with immediately o now!;me voy volando I must fly o dash4. [pasar deprisa] [días, años] to fly by;[rumores] to spread quickly;el tiempo pasa volando time flies;aquí las noticias vuelan news travels fast around herelos aperitivos volaron en un santiamén the snacks disappeared o vanished in an instant6. Arquit to project, to jut out[de enojo] he's fuming with rage♦ vt1. [hacer estallar] [en guerras, atentados] to blow up;[caja fuerte, puerta] to blow open; [edificio en ruinas] to demolish [with explosives]; [en minería] to blast2. [hacer volar] [cometa] to fly3. [la caza] to rouseten cuidado porque a mí allí me volaron la cartera be careful because I had my wallet swiped o Br nicked there* * *I v/i fly; figvanish;las horas pasaron volando the hours flew past o by;irse volar rush off;echarse a volar fly away, fly offII v/t1 fly2 edificio blow up* * *volar {19} vi1) : to fly2) correr: to hurry, to rushel tiempo vuela: time fliespasar volando: to fly past3) divulgarse: to spreadunos rumores volaban: rumors were spreading around4) desaparecer: to disappearel dinero ya voló: the money's already gonevolar vt1) : to blow up, to demolish2) : to irritate* * *volar vb2. (desaparecer) to disappearvolando in a rush / in a hurry -
6 como
adv.1 as.lo he hecho como es debido I did it as o the way it should be doneme encanta como bailas I love the way you dancelo hagamos como lo hagamos habrá problemas whichever way we do it there'll be problems2 as.como te decía ayer… as I was telling you yesterday…3 as.trabaja como bombero he works as a firemandieron el dinero como anticipo they gave the money as an advance4 about (aproximadamente).me quedan como mil pesos I've got about a thousand pesos leftestamos como a mitad de camino we're about half-way theretiene un sabor como a naranja it tastes a bit like an orange5 like, as, such as, qua.6 how, in which way.7 some.Pesa como cien libras It weighs some hundred pounds.conj.1 as, since (ya que).como no llegabas, nos fuimos as o since you didn't arrive, we left2 if (si). (peninsular Spanish)como no me hagas caso, lo pasarás mal if you don't listen to me, there will be trouble3 that (que).después de tantas veces como te lo he explicado after all the times (that) I've explained it to youprep.1 like, as, just like, such as.Te di esto en condición de préstamo I gave this to you as a loan.2 as to.3 how to.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: comer.* * *► adverbio1 (modo) how2 (comparación) as, like3 (en calidad de) as4 (según) as5 familiar (aproximadamente) about1 (así que) as2 (si) if■ como lo vuelvas a hacer... if you do it again...3 (porque) as, since\como no sea que unlesscomo sea whatever happens, no matter whatcomo si lo viera familiar I can imagine perfectly wellcomo si nada / como si tal cosa as if nothing had happenedhacer como quien to pretend to +infhacer como si to pretend to +inftanto como eso no familiar not as much as that* * *1. conj.1) as2) like3) if4) since, given that2. prep.as, like* * *1. ADV1) [indicando semejanza] likejuega como yo — he plays like me o like I do
tuvo resultados como no se habían conocido antes — it had results such as had never been known before
2) [introduciendo ejemplo] such ashay peces, como truchas y salmones — there are fish, such as trout and salmon
tiene ventajas, como son la resistencia y durabilidad — it has advantages, such as o like strength and durability
3) [indicando modo]a) + indichazlo como te dijo ella — do it like * o the way she told you
toca como canta — she plays like * o the same way as she sings
no es como me lo imaginaba — it isn't as o like * I imagined it
•
tal como, tal como lo había planeado — just as o the way I had planned itb) + subjunhazlo como quieras — do it however you want o like
hazlo como puedas — do your best, do the best you can
está decidido a salvar como sea la vida del niño — he's determined to do whatever it takes to save the child's life
4) (=en calidad de) as5) (=más o menos) about, aroundhabía como cincuenta — there were about o around fifty
vino como a las dos — he came at about o around two
sentía como tristeza — she felt a sort o kind of sadness
6) [con valor causal]2. CONJ1) + indic (=ya que) as, sincecomo no tenía dinero — as o since I had no money
2) + indic (=según) as•
tal (y) como están las cosas — the way things are, as things standtal como están los precios de las motos... — with motorbike prices as they are at the moment...
3) + indic (=cuando) as soon as4) + indic(=que)verás como les ganamos — we'll beat them, you'll see
•
de tanto como, tienen las manos doloridas de tanto como aplaudieron — they clapped so much their hands hurtde tanto como odio a los dos, no sé a quien odio más — I hate them both so much, I don't know which I hate the most
5) + subjun (=si) ifcomo vengas tarde, no comes — if you're late you'll get nothing to eat
como sea cierto, ¡estamos perdidos! — if it's true, we're done for!
¡como lo pierdas! — you'd better not lose it!, don't you lose it!
•
como no, como no lo haga en seguida... — if he doesn't do it at once..., unless he does it at once...no salimos, como no sea para ir al cine — we only go out if it's to go to the cinema, we don't go out unless it's to go to the cinema
6)¡como que yo soy tonto y me creo esas mentiras! — as if I was stupid enough to believe lies like that!
¡como que te van a pagar! — don't tell me they're going to pay you!
7)• como si — as if, as though
siguió leyendo, como si no hubiera oído nada — he kept on reading, as if o as though he hadn't heard
sentí como si fuera a caerme — I felt as if o as though I was about to fall
como si no hubiera pasado nada — as if o as though nothing had happened
se comporta como si me odiara — he behaves as if o as though he hated me
como si fuera a llover — as if o as though it was going to rain
8)• como para, ¡es como para denunciarlos! — it's enough to make you want to report them to the police!
9) CAm, Méxasí 1., 5), pronto 1., 4), querer 2., 1)a como dé o diera lugar — at any cost
* * *I1)a) ( en calidad de) asel director tendrá como funciones... — the director's duties will be...
b) ( con el nombre de) asse la conoce como `flor de luz' — it's known as `flor de luz'
c) ( por ejemplo) likeen algunos lugares como Londres — in some places such as o like London
2) (en comparaciones, contrastes) likefue ella, como que me llamo Beatriz — it was her, as sure as my name's Beatriz
bailó como nunca — she danced as o like she'd never danced before
como para + inf: es como para echarse a llorar it's enough to make you want to cry; fue como para pegarle — I could have hit him
3) (en locs)así como — (frml) as well as
IIcomo él solo/ella sola: es egoísta como él solo he's so o he's incredibly selfish!; como mucho/poco at (the) most/at least; como nadie: cocina como nadie nobody cooks like her; como que...: conduce muy bien - como que es piloto de carreras he drives very well - well, he is a racing driver, after all; y no me lo dijiste - como que no lo sabía! and you didn't tell me about it - that's because I didn't know about it!; como ser (CS) such as, for example; como si (+ subj) as if, as though; ella está grave y él como si nada or como si tal cosa — she's seriously ill and he doesn't seem at all o in the least worried
1) ( de la manera que) as(tal y) como están las cosas — as things stand; (+ subj)
hazlo como quieras/como puedas — do it any way you like/as best as you can
no voy - como quieras — I'm not going - please yourself o as you like
la buganvilla, o como quiera que se llame — bougainvillea or whatever it's called
2) ( puesto que) as, sincecomo era temprano, nos fuimos a dar una vuelta — since o as it was early, we went for a walk
3) (si) (+ subj) ifcomo te pille... — if I catch you...
4) ( en oraciones concesivas)cansado como estaba, me ayudó — tired though o tired as he was, he helped me
5) ( que)IIIvas a ver como llega tarde — he'll be late, you'll see
1) ( expresando aproximación) about2) ( uso expletivo) kind of (colloq)me da como vergüenza... — I find it kind of embarrassing...
* * *= as, by way of, for the purpose of + Nombre, how, in the guise of, just as, like, qua, much as, as a kind of, as serving as, along the lines of, in + Posesivo + capacity as, such as, kind of like.Ex. This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.Ex. An annotation is a note added to the title and/or other bibliographic information concerning a document, by way of comment or explanation.Ex. Taking the second situation for the purpose of illustration, there are four options for choice of title.Ex. Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.Ex. Further, these indexers are probably so familiar with their subject area that, they whether in the guise of indexer or searcher, will profit little from any additional guides to relationships.Ex. Just as Ivan finds that by taking pleasure in an extra piece of food he makes survival possible and beats Stalin and his jailors at heir own game.Ex. Thus, the computer-held term record files are most suitable for applications like Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) systems.Ex. Such a concept came as a great surprise to many information educators who rather dismissively regarded the information qua information field of activity as being too limited.Ex. More studies are needed to identify the full temporal effects of the personal computer, much as they did for television.Ex. In a way, it is acting as a kind of bridge between the two, permitting traffic both ways where once there was a divide.Ex. 45 libraries have been unofficially recognised by librarians as serving as model children's libraries.Ex. The author considers the possibility of a shift from libraries to personal information service along the lines of the shift that has occured from public to private transport.Ex. Strange that so helpful and charming a person in his capacity as a librarian could behave so monstrously; but behave thus he did.Ex. Indicative abstracts abound in phrases such as 'is discussed' or 'has been surveyed', but do not record the outcome of the discussion or survey.Ex. It's kind of like trumping in public -- You simply do not do it!.----* ¡cómo se nota que no está el jefe! = while the cat's away, the mice will play.* aducir como evidencia = adduce as + evidence.* algo así como = something like.* añádase cómo = expand like.* así como = as, as well as.* así como así = just like that.* así como... de igual modo... = just as... so....* así es como = this is how.* así es como es = that's how it is.* caer como moscas = drop like + flies.* como aclaración = in parenthesis.* como algo natural = as a matter of course.* como algo normal = as a matter of course.* como algo opuesto a = as against.* como algo residual = residually.* como alternativa = as an alternative.* como anillo al dedo = just the ticket, the right twigs for an eagle's nest, perfect fit, perfect match, that's the ticket!.* como antes = as before.* como apoyo a = in support of.* como barcos que se cruzan (en la noche) = like passing ships (in the night).* como barcos que se cruzan (en la oscuridad) = like passing ships (in the night).* como base para = as a basis for.* como cabe esperar = unsurprisingly, as one might expect, as expected.* como cabía esperar = as expected.* como cabría esperar = as might be expected, as one might expect.* como cabría suponer = as might be expected.* como consecuencia = on this basis, on that basis, in doing so, in consequence, in accordance.* como consecuencia (de) = as a result (of), in the wake of, as a consequence (of).* cómo conseguir = obtainability.* como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.* como contrapartida = in return.* como cooperativa = collegially.* como corresponde = fittingly.* como corresponde a = as befits.* como cuando + Indicativo = as in + Gerundio.* como de costumbre = as usual, as always, according to normal practice.* cómo demonios = how on earth.* como dice el dicho = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.* como dice el refrán = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.* como diferente a = as distinct from.* cómo disponer de (algo) = disposition.* como dos gotas de agua = as alike as two peas in a pod, like two peas in a pod.* como ejemplo = as an example, by way of illustration.* como el cuero = leathery.* como el desierto = desert-like.* como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.* como el fuego = like wildfire.* como el perro del hortelano que ni come ni deja comer = a dog in the manger.* como en casa = like home (away) from home.* como en casa no se está en ningún sitio = there's no place like home.* como en el caso de = as with, just as for, as in the case of.* como era de esperar = as expected.* como es debido = fittingly.* como es de esperar = predictably, not surprisingly, as expected.* como es el caso de = as it is with, as with.* como es habitual = as always.* como es natural = not unnaturally.* como es normal = as always.* como esto = like this.* como fecha final = at the very latest.* como forma de vida = as a way of life.* como grogui = drowsily, groggily.* como grupo = collectively.* como guía = for guidance.* como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.* como la pólvora = like wildfire.* como las ardillas = squirrel-like.* como las empresas = business-like.* como loca = like a madwoman.* como loco = like hell, like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, like a madman.* como medida de seguridad = as a backup.* como medida provisional = as an interim measure.* como medida temporal = as an interim measure.* como medida transitoria = as an interim measure.* como mejor + poder = as best + Pronombre + can.* como mínimo = at least, conservatively, at a minimum.* como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.* como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.* como muestra de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como muestra de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como muestra de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* como muy tarde = at the latest.* como norma = as a rule, as a matter of policy.* como norma general = as a rule of thumb, as a general rule, as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.* cómo nos las ingeniamos para... = how in the world....* como nota al margen = on a sidenote.* como nuevo = in mint condition, in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.* como ocurre en estos casos = as is the way with these things.* como + ocurrir + en el caso de = as + be + the case for.* como opuesto a = as distinct from, as opposed to.* como otra posibilidad = as an alternative.* ¡como para creérselo! = Posesivo + famous last words.* como parásito = parasitically.* como persona que = as one who.* como pez fuera del agua = like a fish out of water.* como polo opuesto = by polar contrast.* como por arte de magia = magically, into thin air.* como por ejemplo = such as, to the effect of.* como por encanto = magically.* como poseído = as one possessed.* como preámbulo de = as a preamble to.* como primera elección = as a first preference.* como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.* como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* como pruebas = in evidence, in evidence.* como quiera que + Verbo = however + Verbo.* como quieras llamarlo = whatever you call it.* como reconocimiento a = in recognition of.* como respuesta a = in reply to, in response to.* como resultado = in consequence, on this basis, on that basis, in doing so.* como resultado (de) = as a consequence (of).* como salido de fábrica = in mint condition.* como segunda alternativa = as a backup.* como se indicó en = as was pointed out in.* como señal de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como señal de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como señal de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* cómo + ser = what + be like.* como si = as though.* como si dijéramos = as it were.* como siempre = as always.* como si fuese = as it were.* como siga así = at this rate.* como sigue = as follows.* como símbolo de = as a token of, as a sign of.* como si nada = be right as rain, unfazed.* como si no hubiera mañana = like there's no tomorrow.* como si + Pronombre + fuese la vida en ello = like there's no tomorrow.* como si se acabara el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.* como si se fuese a acabar el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.* como si se + Pronombre + hubiera tragado la tierra = into thin air.* como si (se tratase de) = as if.* como si tal cosa = be right as rain, unfazed, just like that.* como sustituto de = in place of.* como tal = as such, in this capacity, qua.* como término medio = on average.* como todo un caballero = sportingly.* como último recurso = as a last resort, in the last resort.* como una aguja en un pajar = like a needle in a haystack.* como una balsa de aceite = like a millpond, calm like a millpond.* como una cabra = stark raving mad, raving mad.* como una cebolla = onion-like.* como una condenada = like a madwoman.* como una descosida = like a madwoman.* como una forma de = as a means of.* como una metralladora = quick-fire.* como un basilisco = like a bear with a sore head.* como un bobo = stupidly.* como un bólido = like the clappers.* como un campo de batalla = like a war zone.* como un cencerro = barking mad, raving mad, stark raving mad.* como un condenado = like the clappers, like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, like a madman, as one possessed.* como un descosido = like a lunatic, like a madman, as one possessed.* como un detective = detectivelike, sleuthlike.* como un elefante en una cacharrería = like an elephant in a china shop.* como un energúmeno = like a bear with a sore head.* como un estúpido = stupidly.* como un experto = expertly.* como un glaciar = glacially.* como unidad global = as a whole.* como un idiota = stupidly.* como un loca = like a madwoman.* como un loco = like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, madly, like a madman.* como un método para = as a means of.* como un modo de = as a way of.* como un necio = stupidly.* como un observador que pasa desapercibido = fly-on-the-wall, fly-on-the-wall.* cómo uno se identifica a sí mismo = self-identification.* como un platillo = saucer-like.* como un poseído = as one possessed.* como un rayo = in a flash.* como un reguero de pólvora = like wildfire.* como un relámpago = like greased lightning, like the clappers.* como un reloj = as regular as clockwork, like clockwork.* como un televisor = television-type.* como un todo = as a whole.* como un tonto = stupidly, foolishly.* como un torpe = foolishly.* como un zombi = zombielike.* como vivir en un escaparate = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.* como + Voz Pasiva = as + Participio Pasado.* como y cuando = as and when.* como y cuando sea + Adjetivo = as + Adjetivo.* comportarse como se espera = be a sport.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* conocerse como = be known as.* dar como resultado = result (in).* de cómo = as to how.* durante tanto tiempo como sea posible = for as long as possible.* el modo como = the way in which.* el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* frase como encabezamiento = phrase heading.* llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.* mantenerse como válido = hold up.* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.* no + haber + nada como = there + be + nothing like.* ofrecerse como voluntario = volunteer.* para colmo = on top of everything else.* plan de cómo disponer de Algo = disposition instruction.* proponer como principio = posit.* sea como sea = be that as it may, at all costs, at any cost.* seleccionar como relevante = hit.* ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.* ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* tal como = such as, such + Nombre + as, just as.* tal y como aparece = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como es/son = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como + ser = in + Posesivo + true colours.* tan + Adjetivo + como = as + Adjetivo + as, every bit as + Adjetivo + as.* tan + Adjetivo + como de costumbre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.* tan + Adjetivo + como siempre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.* tan pronto como = as soon as, just as soon as, no sooner... than.* tan pronto como sea posible = as soon as possible (asap).* tanto como = as many... as..., as much as + Adjetivo, both... and..., no less than, equally, if not, so much as.* tanto como siempre = as much as ever.* tener como equivalente = have + counterpart.* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.* tener como objetivo = have + as + Posesivo + objective.* tomar como ejemplo = take.* un poco como = kind of like.* * *I1)a) ( en calidad de) asel director tendrá como funciones... — the director's duties will be...
b) ( con el nombre de) asse la conoce como `flor de luz' — it's known as `flor de luz'
c) ( por ejemplo) likeen algunos lugares como Londres — in some places such as o like London
2) (en comparaciones, contrastes) likefue ella, como que me llamo Beatriz — it was her, as sure as my name's Beatriz
bailó como nunca — she danced as o like she'd never danced before
como para + inf: es como para echarse a llorar it's enough to make you want to cry; fue como para pegarle — I could have hit him
3) (en locs)así como — (frml) as well as
IIcomo él solo/ella sola: es egoísta como él solo he's so o he's incredibly selfish!; como mucho/poco at (the) most/at least; como nadie: cocina como nadie nobody cooks like her; como que...: conduce muy bien - como que es piloto de carreras he drives very well - well, he is a racing driver, after all; y no me lo dijiste - como que no lo sabía! and you didn't tell me about it - that's because I didn't know about it!; como ser (CS) such as, for example; como si (+ subj) as if, as though; ella está grave y él como si nada or como si tal cosa — she's seriously ill and he doesn't seem at all o in the least worried
1) ( de la manera que) as(tal y) como están las cosas — as things stand; (+ subj)
hazlo como quieras/como puedas — do it any way you like/as best as you can
no voy - como quieras — I'm not going - please yourself o as you like
la buganvilla, o como quiera que se llame — bougainvillea or whatever it's called
2) ( puesto que) as, sincecomo era temprano, nos fuimos a dar una vuelta — since o as it was early, we went for a walk
3) (si) (+ subj) ifcomo te pille... — if I catch you...
4) ( en oraciones concesivas)cansado como estaba, me ayudó — tired though o tired as he was, he helped me
5) ( que)IIIvas a ver como llega tarde — he'll be late, you'll see
1) ( expresando aproximación) about2) ( uso expletivo) kind of (colloq)me da como vergüenza... — I find it kind of embarrassing...
* * *= as, by way of, for the purpose of + Nombre, how, in the guise of, just as, like, qua, much as, as a kind of, as serving as, along the lines of, in + Posesivo + capacity as, such as, kind of like.Ex: This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
Ex: An annotation is a note added to the title and/or other bibliographic information concerning a document, by way of comment or explanation.Ex: Taking the second situation for the purpose of illustration, there are four options for choice of title.Ex: Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.Ex: Further, these indexers are probably so familiar with their subject area that, they whether in the guise of indexer or searcher, will profit little from any additional guides to relationships.Ex: Just as Ivan finds that by taking pleasure in an extra piece of food he makes survival possible and beats Stalin and his jailors at heir own game.Ex: Thus, the computer-held term record files are most suitable for applications like Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) systems.Ex: Such a concept came as a great surprise to many information educators who rather dismissively regarded the information qua information field of activity as being too limited.Ex: More studies are needed to identify the full temporal effects of the personal computer, much as they did for television.Ex: In a way, it is acting as a kind of bridge between the two, permitting traffic both ways where once there was a divide.Ex: 45 libraries have been unofficially recognised by librarians as serving as model children's libraries.Ex: The author considers the possibility of a shift from libraries to personal information service along the lines of the shift that has occured from public to private transport.Ex: Strange that so helpful and charming a person in his capacity as a librarian could behave so monstrously; but behave thus he did.Ex: Indicative abstracts abound in phrases such as 'is discussed' or 'has been surveyed', but do not record the outcome of the discussion or survey.Ex: It's kind of like trumping in public -- You simply do not do it!.* ¡cómo se nota que no está el jefe! = while the cat's away, the mice will play.* aducir como evidencia = adduce as + evidence.* algo así como = something like.* añádase cómo = expand like.* así como = as, as well as.* así como así = just like that.* así como... de igual modo... = just as... so....* así es como = this is how.* así es como es = that's how it is.* caer como moscas = drop like + flies.* como aclaración = in parenthesis.* como algo natural = as a matter of course.* como algo normal = as a matter of course.* como algo opuesto a = as against.* como algo residual = residually.* como alternativa = as an alternative.* como anillo al dedo = just the ticket, the right twigs for an eagle's nest, perfect fit, perfect match, that's the ticket!.* como antes = as before.* como apoyo a = in support of.* como barcos que se cruzan (en la noche) = like passing ships (in the night).* como barcos que se cruzan (en la oscuridad) = like passing ships (in the night).* como base para = as a basis for.* como cabe esperar = unsurprisingly, as one might expect, as expected.* como cabía esperar = as expected.* como cabría esperar = as might be expected, as one might expect.* como cabría suponer = as might be expected.* como consecuencia = on this basis, on that basis, in doing so, in consequence, in accordance.* como consecuencia (de) = as a result (of), in the wake of, as a consequence (of).* cómo conseguir = obtainability.* como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.* como contrapartida = in return.* como cooperativa = collegially.* como corresponde = fittingly.* como corresponde a = as befits.* como cuando + Indicativo = as in + Gerundio.* como de costumbre = as usual, as always, according to normal practice.* cómo demonios = how on earth.* como dice el dicho = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.* como dice el refrán = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.* como diferente a = as distinct from.* cómo disponer de (algo) = disposition.* como dos gotas de agua = as alike as two peas in a pod, like two peas in a pod.* como ejemplo = as an example, by way of illustration.* como el cuero = leathery.* como el desierto = desert-like.* como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.* como el fuego = like wildfire.* como el perro del hortelano que ni come ni deja comer = a dog in the manger.* como en casa = like home (away) from home.* como en casa no se está en ningún sitio = there's no place like home.* como en el caso de = as with, just as for, as in the case of.* como era de esperar = as expected.* como es debido = fittingly.* como es de esperar = predictably, not surprisingly, as expected.* como es el caso de = as it is with, as with.* como es habitual = as always.* como es natural = not unnaturally.* como es normal = as always.* como esto = like this.* como fecha final = at the very latest.* como forma de vida = as a way of life.* como grogui = drowsily, groggily.* como grupo = collectively.* como guía = for guidance.* como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.* como la pólvora = like wildfire.* como las ardillas = squirrel-like.* como las empresas = business-like.* como loca = like a madwoman.* como loco = like hell, like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, like a madman.* como medida de seguridad = as a backup.* como medida provisional = as an interim measure.* como medida temporal = as an interim measure.* como medida transitoria = as an interim measure.* como mejor + poder = as best + Pronombre + can.* como mínimo = at least, conservatively, at a minimum.* como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.* como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.* como muestra de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como muestra de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como muestra de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* como muy tarde = at the latest.* como norma = as a rule, as a matter of policy.* como norma general = as a rule of thumb, as a general rule, as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.* cómo nos las ingeniamos para... = how in the world....* como nota al margen = on a sidenote.* como nuevo = in mint condition, in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.* como ocurre en estos casos = as is the way with these things.* como + ocurrir + en el caso de = as + be + the case for.* como opuesto a = as distinct from, as opposed to.* como otra posibilidad = as an alternative.* ¡como para creérselo! = Posesivo + famous last words.* como parásito = parasitically.* como persona que = as one who.* como pez fuera del agua = like a fish out of water.* como polo opuesto = by polar contrast.* como por arte de magia = magically, into thin air.* como por ejemplo = such as, to the effect of.* como por encanto = magically.* como poseído = as one possessed.* como preámbulo de = as a preamble to.* como primera elección = as a first preference.* como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.* como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* como pruebas = in evidence, in evidence.* como quiera que + Verbo = however + Verbo.* como quieras llamarlo = whatever you call it.* como reconocimiento a = in recognition of.* como respuesta a = in reply to, in response to.* como resultado = in consequence, on this basis, on that basis, in doing so.* como resultado (de) = as a consequence (of).* como salido de fábrica = in mint condition.* como segunda alternativa = as a backup.* como se indicó en = as was pointed out in.* como señal de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como señal de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como señal de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* cómo + ser = what + be like.* como si = as though.* como si dijéramos = as it were.* como siempre = as always.* como si fuese = as it were.* como siga así = at this rate.* como sigue = as follows.* como símbolo de = as a token of, as a sign of.* como si nada = be right as rain, unfazed.* como si no hubiera mañana = like there's no tomorrow.* como si + Pronombre + fuese la vida en ello = like there's no tomorrow.* como si se acabara el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.* como si se fuese a acabar el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.* como si se + Pronombre + hubiera tragado la tierra = into thin air.* como si (se tratase de) = as if.* como si tal cosa = be right as rain, unfazed, just like that.* como sustituto de = in place of.* como tal = as such, in this capacity, qua.* como término medio = on average.* como todo un caballero = sportingly.* como último recurso = as a last resort, in the last resort.* como una aguja en un pajar = like a needle in a haystack.* como una balsa de aceite = like a millpond, calm like a millpond.* como una cabra = stark raving mad, raving mad.* como una cebolla = onion-like.* como una condenada = like a madwoman.* como una descosida = like a madwoman.* como una forma de = as a means of.* como una metralladora = quick-fire.* como un basilisco = like a bear with a sore head.* como un bobo = stupidly.* como un bólido = like the clappers.* como un campo de batalla = like a war zone.* como un cencerro = barking mad, raving mad, stark raving mad.* como un condenado = like the clappers, like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, like a madman, as one possessed.* como un descosido = like a lunatic, like a madman, as one possessed.* como un detective = detectivelike, sleuthlike.* como un elefante en una cacharrería = like an elephant in a china shop.* como un energúmeno = like a bear with a sore head.* como un estúpido = stupidly.* como un experto = expertly.* como un glaciar = glacially.* como unidad global = as a whole.* como un idiota = stupidly.* como un loca = like a madwoman.* como un loco = like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, madly, like a madman.* como un método para = as a means of.* como un modo de = as a way of.* como un necio = stupidly.* como un observador que pasa desapercibido = fly-on-the-wall, fly-on-the-wall.* cómo uno se identifica a sí mismo = self-identification.* como un platillo = saucer-like.* como un poseído = as one possessed.* como un rayo = in a flash.* como un reguero de pólvora = like wildfire.* como un relámpago = like greased lightning, like the clappers.* como un reloj = as regular as clockwork, like clockwork.* como un televisor = television-type.* como un todo = as a whole.* como un tonto = stupidly, foolishly.* como un torpe = foolishly.* como un zombi = zombielike.* como vivir en un escaparate = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.* como + Voz Pasiva = as + Participio Pasado.* como y cuando = as and when.* como y cuando sea + Adjetivo = as + Adjetivo.* comportarse como se espera = be a sport.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* conocerse como = be known as.* dar como resultado = result (in).* de cómo = as to how.* durante tanto tiempo como sea posible = for as long as possible.* el modo como = the way in which.* el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* frase como encabezamiento = phrase heading.* llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.* mantenerse como válido = hold up.* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.* no + haber + nada como = there + be + nothing like.* ofrecerse como voluntario = volunteer.* para colmo = on top of everything else.* plan de cómo disponer de Algo = disposition instruction.* proponer como principio = posit.* sea como sea = be that as it may, at all costs, at any cost.* seleccionar como relevante = hit.* ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.* ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* tal como = such as, such + Nombre + as, just as.* tal y como aparece = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como es/son = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como + ser = in + Posesivo + true colours.* tan + Adjetivo + como = as + Adjetivo + as, every bit as + Adjetivo + as.* tan + Adjetivo + como de costumbre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.* tan + Adjetivo + como siempre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.* tan pronto como = as soon as, just as soon as, no sooner... than.* tan pronto como sea posible = as soon as possible (asap).* tanto como = as many... as..., as much as + Adjetivo, both... and..., no less than, equally, if not, so much as.* tanto como siempre = as much as ever.* tener como equivalente = have + counterpart.* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.* tener como objetivo = have + as + Posesivo + objective.* tomar como ejemplo = take.* un poco como = kind of like.* * *como1A1 (en calidad de) asusando el paraguas como bastón using his umbrella as a walking stickquiero hablarte como amigo y no como abogado I want to speak to you as a friend and not as a lawyerel director tendrá como funciones … the director's duties will be …está considerado como lo mejor he's considered (to be) the bestlo presentó como su ex-marido she introduced him as her ex-husband2 (con el nombre de) asla flor conocida allí como `Santa Rita' the flower known there as `Santa Rita'3 (por ejemplo) likeen algunas capitales como Londres in some capital cities such as London o like Londonnecesitamos a alguien como tú we need someone like youtengo ganas de comer algo dulce — ¿como qué? I fancy something sweet — like what?B (en comparaciones, contrastes) likequiero un vestido como el tuyo I want a dress like yourspienso como tú I agree with youfue ella, como que me llamo Beatriz it was her, as sure as my name's Beatrizse portó como un caballero he behaved like a gentlemanla quiero como a una hija I love her like a daughter o as if she were my own daughterbailó como nunca she danced as o like she'd never danced beforeme trata como a un imbécil he treats me like an idiot o as if I were an idiotse llama algo así como Genaro o Gerardo he's called something like Genaro or Gerardo¡no hay nada como un buen coñac! there's nothing like a good brandy!era verde, un verde como el de la alfombra de la oficina it was green, the color of the office carpetcomo PARA + INF:es como para echarse a llorar it's enough to make you want to cry, it makes you want to cryC ( en locs):por esto, así como por muchas otras razones because of this, and for many other reasons as well o as well as for many other reasonssus abundantes recursos naturales, así como su importancia estratégica its abundant natural resources, together with o as well as its strategic importancecomo él solo/ella sola: es egoísta como él solo he's so o he's incredibly selfish!como mucho at (the) most, at the outsidecomo poco at leastcomo nadie: hace la paella como nadie she makes wonderful paella, nobody makes paella like hercomo que …: conduce muy bien — como que es piloto de carreras he drives very well — well, he is a racing driver, after allle voy a decir cuatro cosas — sí, sí, como que te vas a atrever … I'm going to give him a piece of my mind — oh, yes? I'll believe that when I see ity no me lo dijiste — ¡como que no sabía nada! and you didn't tell me about it — that's because I didn't know anything about it myself!como ser (CS); such as, for example, likecomo si (+ subj) as if, as thoughactuó como si no le importara she acted as if o as though she didn't careella está grave y él como si nada or como si tal cosa she's seriously ill and he doesn't seem at all worried o he behaves as if it's nothing (to worry about)él como si nada or como si tal cosa, ni se inmutó he just stood there without batting an eyelidcomo2A (de la manera que) asno me gustó el modo or la manera como lo dijo I didn't like the way she said itllegó temprano, tal como había prometido he arrived early, just as he had promisedganó Raúl, como era de esperar Raúl won, as was to be expectedasí en la tierra como en el cielo on Earth as it is in Heavencomo dice el refrán as the saying goes(tal y) como están las cosas as things stand, the way things are(+ subj): hazlo como quieras do it any way you like o how you likeno voy — como quieras I'm not going — please yourself o as you likeme dijo que me las arreglara como pudiera he told me to sort things as best I couldla buganvilla, o como quiera que se llame bougainvillea or whatever it's calledcomo quiera que sea, ellos se llevaron la copa anyway, the point is they won the cupB (puesto que) as, sincecomo todavía era temprano, nos fuimos a dar una vuelta since o as it was still early, we went for a walk, it was still early so we went for a walkC (+ subj) (si) ifcomo te vuelva a encontrar por aquí if I catch you around here againD(en oraciones concesivas): cansado como estaba, se ofreció a ayudarme tired though o tired as he was, he offered to help mejoven como es, tiene más sentido común que tú he may be young but he has more common sense than youE(que): vimos como se los llevaban en una furgoneta we saw them being taken away in a van, we saw how they were taken away in a vanvas a ver como llega tarde he'll be late, you'll seecomo3A (expresando aproximación) aboutcomo a la mitad del camino about half way thereestá como a cincuenta kilómetros it's about fifty kilometers awayvino como a las seis she came at around o about sixtiene un sabor como a almendras it has a kind of almondy taste, it tastes something like o a bit like almondsun ruido como de un motor a noise like that of an engineB (uso expletivo) kind of ( colloq)es que me da como vergüenza … I find it kind of embarrassing …* * *
Del verbo comer: ( conjugate comer)
como es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
algo como
comer
como
cómo
comer ( conjugate comer) verbo intransitivo
este niño no me come nada (fam) this child won't eat anything (colloq);
dar(le) de cómo a algn (en la boca) to spoonfeed sb;
darle de cómo al gato/al niño to feed the cat/the kid;
salir a cómo (fuera) to go out for a meal, to eat out;
¿qué hay de cómo? ( a mediodía) what's for lunch?;
( por la noche) what's for dinner o supper?
verbo transitivo
◊ ¿puedo cómo otro? can I have another one?;
no tienen qué cómo they don't have anything to eat
comerse verbo pronominal
1
‹línea/párrafo› to miss out
‹ palabra› to swallow
2 ( enf) ‹ comida› to eat;
cómose las uñas to bite one's nails
3 (fam) ( hacer desaparecer)
[polilla/ratón] to eat away (at)
como preposición
◊ se la conoce cómo `flor de luz' it's known as `flor de luz'
¡no hay nada cómo un buen coñac! there's nothing like a good brandy!;
es cómo para echarse a llorar it's enough to make you want to cryd) ( en locs)◊ así como (frml) as well as;
como mucho/poco at (the) most/at least;
como ser (CS) such as, for example;
como si (+ subj) as if, as though
■ conjunción
cómo era de esperar as was to be expected;
no me gustó cómo lo dijo I didn't like the way she said it;
(tal y) cómo están las cosas as things stand;
hazlo cómo quieras/cómo mejor puedas do it any way you like/as best as you can;
no voy — cómo quieras I'm not going — please yourself
◊ cómo era temprano, fui a dar una vuelta as it was early, I went for a walkc) (si) (+ subj) if;◊ cómo te pille … if I catch you …
■ adverbio ( expresando aproximación) about;
un sabor cómo a almendras a kind of almondy taste
cómo adverbio
◊ ¿cómo estás? how are you?;
¿cómo es tu novia? what's your girlfriend like?;
¿cómo es de grande? how big is it?;
¿cómo te llamas? what's your name?
◊ ¿cómo no me lo dijiste antes? why didn't you tell me before?
◊ ¿cómo dijo? sorry, what did you say?d) ( en exclamaciones):◊ ¡cómo llueve! it's really raining!;
¡cómo comes! the amount you eat!;
¡cómo! ¿no te lo han dicho? what! haven't they told you?e) ( en locs)◊ ¿a cómo …?: ¿a cómo están los tomates? (fam) how much are the tomatoes?;
¿a cómo estamos hoy? (AmL) what's the date today?;
¡cómo no! of course!;
¿cómo que …?: ¿cómo que no fuiste tú? what do you mean it wasn't you?;
aquí no está — ¿cómo que no? it isn't here — what do you mean it isn't there?
comer
I verbo transitivo
1 to eat
2 (en el parchís, etc) to take
3 (estrechar) ese corte de pelo te come la cara, that haircut makes your face look thinner
ese mueble te come mucho salón, that piece of furniture makes your living room look smaller
II verbo intransitivo to eat: hay que darle de comer al perro, we have to feed the dog
♦ Locuciones: familiar comer como una lima, to eat like a horse
familiar comer el coco/tarro a alguien, to brainwash somebody
sin comerlo ni beberlo, le pusieron una sanción, although he has nothing to do with it, he was disciplined
como
I adverbio
1 (manera) how: hazlo como quieras, do it however you like
me gusta como habla, I like the way he speaks
2 (semejanza, equivalencia) as: es como tú, he's just like you
terco como una mula, as stubborn as a mule
3 (conformidad) as: como estaba diciendo..., as I was saying...
como indica el prospecto, as the instructions say
4 (aproximadamente) about
como a la mitad de camino, more or less halfway
como unos treinta, about thirty
II conj
1 como [+ subj], (si) if: como no comas, no vas al cine, if you don't eat, you won't go to the cinema
2 (porque) as, since
como llamó tan tarde, ya no me encontró, as he phoned so late, he didn't find me in
3 como si, as if
como si nada o tal cosa, as if nothing had happened
familiar como si lo viera, I can just imagine it
III prep (en calidad de) as: lo aconsejé como amigo, I advised him as a friend
visitó el museo como experto, she visited the museum as an expert
¿As, like o how?
As se usa para hablar de la función, uso, papel o trabajo de una persona o cosa (trabajó como camarera durante las vacaciones, she worked as a waitress during the holidays) o para comparar dos acciones o situaciones y expresar su similitud. En este caso es necesario disponer de un verbo: Entró de botones, como lo había hecho su padre veinte años antes. He entered as an office-boy, as his father had twenty years before.
Cuando como va seguido de un sustantivo o pronombre también puedes usar like para comparar dos acciones o situaciones: Es como su padre. He's just like his father. Sin embargo, si va seguido de una preposición, hay que usar as: En marzo, como en abril, llovió. In March, as in April, it rained.
Nunca debes usar how en comparaciones, porque sólo expresa la manera de hacer las cosas: ¿Cómo lo hiciste?, How did you do it?
cómo adverbio
1 (interrogativo) how: ¿cómo es de alto?, how high is it?
¿cómo estás?, how are you?
¿cómo se hace?, how is it made?
2 (cuánto) ¿a cómo están los plátanos?, how much are the bananas?
3 (por qué) ¿cómo es que no nos avisaste?, why didn't you warn us?
familiar ¿cómo es eso?, how come?
4 (cuando no se ha oído bien) ¿cómo?, what?
5 (exclamativo) how
¡cómo ha cambiado!, how she's changed!
♦ Locuciones: cómo no, of course
' cómo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aburrirse
- acabada
- acabado
- acondicionar
- acreditar
- actuar
- adiós
- alma
- alquilar
- alta
- alto
- amable
- andar
- apear
- apenas
- aprendizaje
- arreglarse
- arte
- así
- atizar
- atonía
- baja
- bajo
- bala
- balsa
- bañera
- bastante
- beber
- bestia
- borrega
- borrego
- botija
- buenamente
- cabra
- cada
- caracterización
- casa
- cencerro
- cerrarse
- cesar
- chinche
- cielo
- coco
- coletilla
- colorada
- colorado
- comer
- como
- como quiera
- comoquiera
English:
ablaze
- above
- abroad
- acclaim
- accordingly
- act
- address
- alternatively
- always
- arouse
- as
- ashen
- attractive
- awaken
- away
- back
- barrage
- bash out
- be
- beaver away
- best
- bicker
- big
- black
- blind
- bolt
- bombshell
- bone
- border
- bored
- both
- break
- breed
- brownout
- by-product
- cake
- calculate
- care
- chalk
- champagne
- change
- charm
- cheer
- churn out
- class
- climax
- clown around
- coin
- colour
- come about
* * *Como nmel lago Como Lake Como* * *I adv1 as;como amigo as a friend2 ( aproximadamente):había como cincuenta there were about fifty;hace como una hora about an hour ago3:así como as well asII conj1 if;como si as if;como si fuera tonto as if he were o was an idiot;como no bebas vas a enfermar if you don’t drink you’ll get sick2 expresando causa as, since;como no llegó, me fui solo as o since she didn’t arrive, I went by myself3:me gusta como habla I like the way he talks;como quiera any way you want* * *cómo adv: how¿cómo estás?: how are you?¿a cómo están las manzanas?: how much are the apples?¿cómo?: excuse me?, what was that?¿se puede? ¡cómo no!: may I? please do!como adv1) : around, aboutcuesta como 500 pesos: it costs around 500 pesos2) : kind of, liketengo como mareos: I'm kind of dizzycomo conj1) : how, ashazlo como dijiste que lo harías: do it the way you said you would2) : since, given thatcomo estaba lloviendo, no salí: since it was raining, I didn't go out3) : ifcomo lo vuelva a hacer lo arrestarán: if he does that again he'll be arrested4)como quiera : in any waycomo prep1) : like, asligero como una pluma: light as a feather2)así como : as well as* * *como1 adv1. (manera) how2. (comparaciones) as / like3. (según) as4. (ejemplo) likealgunas aves, como el pingüino, no vuelan some birds, like penguins, can't fly5. (aproximadamente) about6. (en calidad de) ascomo sea at all costs / no matter whatcomo si as if / as thoughcomo2 conj1. (causa) ascomo hacía sol, nos fuimos a la playa as it was sunny, we went to the beach2. (condición) ifcomo llegues tarde, te quedarás sin pastel if you're late, you won't get any cake -
7 sua
sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;I.so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).A.With antecedent in the same sentence.1.The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.(α).His:(β).Caesar copias suas divisit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 97:ille in sua sententia perseverat,
id. ib. 1, 72:tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,
id. ib. 2, 37:cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?
id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,
Liv. 26, 40, 7:imperat princeps civibus suis,
Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:nemo rem suam emit,
id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—Her:(γ).mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,
Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,
id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:si nunc facere volt era officium suom,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78:si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,
id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—Its:(δ).omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,
id. Planc. 40, 95.—Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:2.mittent aliquem de suo numero,
id. ib. 11, 10, 25:rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,
id. Sest. 14, 32:suis finibus eos prohibent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,
some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—With a subject-clause as antecedent:3.id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
id. 3, 62, 1:secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,
id. 35, 14, 4. —With subject-acc. as antecedent:4.hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,
Cic. Planc. 19, 47:cupio eum suae causae confidere,
id. Sest. 64, 135:suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,
id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—With object-acc. as antecedent.(α).Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):(β).hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,
he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,
id. Sest. 68, 142:Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:illum ulciscentur mores sui,
id. Att. 9, 12, 2:quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,
id. Or. 1, 14:utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,
Liv. 1, 7, 1:quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,
id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,
id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,
Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,
id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,
Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —With impers. verbs:(γ).sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,
Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,
id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,
Liv. 10, 7, 8:militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,
id. 22, 12, 10.—As adjunct of other members of the sentence:5.ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,
Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,
Sall. C. 28, 1:suis flammis delete Fidenas,
i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:suo igni involvit hostes,
Tac. A. 14, 30:quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?
Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—With dat. as antecedent.(α).As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):(β).suus rex reginae placet,
a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?
Cic. Sull. 2, 7:si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,
id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?
id. Planc. 33, 81:haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,
Liv. 21, 50, 4:sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,
id. 42, 50, 7:Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,
id. 8, 14, 2:vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,
Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,
id. Ep. 115, 17:labor illi suus restitutus est,
id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:magnitudo sua singulis constat,
id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,
id. Ep. 53, 11. —With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—Of other words:6.regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,
id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,
id. 39, 37, 6:Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,
id. 25, 3, 5.—With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:7.nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,
id. Mur. 41, 90:quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,
id. Att. 14, 13, 12:suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,
the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,
Liv. 22, 42, 12:nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,
Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,
Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—With predic. nom. as antecedent:8.sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,
Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—With appositive noun.(α).With gram. subject as antecedent:(β).hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,
id. Mil. 9, 25:(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,
id. Planc. 11, 27:ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,
id. Balb. 21, 49:ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,
id. Lig. 4, 11:Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—With object as antecedent:(γ).Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,
id. Lig. 12, 36:Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,
Liv. 22, 34, 2.—With appositive noun as antecedent:9.si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,
Liv. 6, 34, 5:C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,
Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—In participial clauses.(α).The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:(β).credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,
id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,
Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),
Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,
Liv. 22, 60, 9:quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:(γ).sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,
Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,
id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,
Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,
Liv. 25, 15, 1:(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,
id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:10.M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,
Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,
Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),
Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,
id. 7, 29, 7.—In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:(β).mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:(γ).cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,
id. Sest. 23, 51:nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—With antecedent dependent on the gerund:11.eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:B. 1.magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?
Cic. Mil. 15, 40:neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,
his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,
id. Sest. 31, 68:ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,
id. Off. 3, 23, 90:sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,
id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,
id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.Dependent on subject-inff.:2.ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,
Cic. Mur. 7, 16:siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,
id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,
id. Par. 6, 51:ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23:detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,
id. ib. 3, 5, 24:suis exemplis melius est uti,
Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,
Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,
id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—Without a subject-inf.:C.omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,
Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),
Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.1.In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.a.In infinitive clauses:b.(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,
Cic. Mil. 32, 88:(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,
id. Cael. 10, 24:ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,
Caes. B. C. 2, 16:docent, sui judicii rem non esse,
id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:c.scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,
Liv. 44, 8, 4. —Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:d.Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,
Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 3:(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,
Liv. 42, 25, 12:Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),
id. 1, 13, 2:Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,
Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,
Gell. 1, 8, 5. —In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:e.(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,
Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,
id. Marcell. 3, 10:quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?
Sen. Troad. 3, 13:querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,
Quint. 6, 3, 88;and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,
id. 9, 3, 68. —In interrogative clauses:2.si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,
Liv. 6, 27, 8:rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,
id. 23, 39, 2:postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,
id. 43, 19, 5. —In a virtually oblique clause.a.In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:b.me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 80:inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,
Liv. 43, 23, 5:(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,
id. 26, 13, 16:oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,
id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,
Liv. 10, 20, 7:Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,
Nep. Dat. 7, 3:quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?
Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:D.Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),
Cic. Sull. 5, 15:Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),
id. Att. 2, 1, 12:non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),
id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?
id. Att. 8, 9, 2:spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,
Liv. 6, 18, 4:(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,
id. 1, 21, 3:adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,
id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).In the place of ejus.1.In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):2.Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,
Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,
Liv. 1, 17, 2:C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,
Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,
Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—To avoid ambiguity:3.petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,
Liv. 1, 37, 3.—Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:4.in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,
his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,
Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):II.tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,
Cato, R. R. 31:vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,
id. ib. 37:qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,
id. ib. 157:Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,
id. Lys. 1, 2:ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,
Ov. F. 6, 601:quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,
id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.In partic.A.As substt.1.sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.(α).(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:(β).cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,
fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,
her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,
his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,
their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,
to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,
his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,
id. B. C. 2, 35:Caesar receptui suorum timens,
id. ib. 3, 46:certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,
id. ib. 2, 20:omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,
id. ib. 2, 37: so,Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,
id. ib. 3, 86:Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,
to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,
a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,
id. ib. 1, 19:nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,
his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,
his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:subsidio suorum proelium restituere,
comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,
their young, id. 26, 13, 12:abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,
his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,
their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,
Liv. 39, 16, 5.—Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;(γ).the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,
id. Or. 3, 2, 8:quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,
Liv. 37, 41, 8:auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,
id. 37, 12:quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—(δ).Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:2. a.cedo quid hic faciet sua?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—Sing.(α).Lit.:(β).nec suom adimerem alteri,
his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),
id. ib. 1, 2, 119:illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:nec donare illi de suo dicimur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —Trop.:(γ).meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:b.pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,
Dig. 41, 10, 1;so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,
ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,
id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —Plur.(α).One ' s property:(β).Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,
id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,
id. Att. 14, 14, 6:Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,
their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),
Liv. 39, 55, 3. —One ' s own affairs:B.aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,
Liv. 10, 20, 8:omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,
id. 22, 41, 5:aliena cum suis perdidit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.the context),
Quint. 6, 3, 90.Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.1.Of property in things.(α).Corporeal:(γ).scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 11:nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),
Cic. Mil. 32, 87:quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,
id. Off. 1, 7, 21:Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84:gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,
Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,
Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,
since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),
nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,
Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),
Ter. And. prol. 14:potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,
his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—Of a country or people:(δ).suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,
Liv. 44, 24, 4:crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,
id. 21, 44, 5.—Trop.:2.omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,
Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,
id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,
how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,
Quint. 10, 2, 26:quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,
Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—Of persons.(α).Under a master ' s or father ' s control:(β).ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,
make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),
id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):(γ).ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:(δ).hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,
to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,
Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,
devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —Of power over one's self, etc.:3.nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,
self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,
selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:(furiosus) qui suus non est,
Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,
Ov. M. 8, 35. —Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):C.dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.1.The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.a.Opposition expressed:b.nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,
Cic. Balb. 8, 21:sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40:suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,
Liv. 45, 38, 12:damnatione collegae et sua,
id. 22, 35, 3:Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,
Tac. A. 14, 73:velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,
id. H. 3, 37;opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,
at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —Implied:c.voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,
within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;ex suo fonte nativa est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:(β).Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,sortes sua sponte attenuatas,
id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:(γ).restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),
Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:et staturas suo loco leges,
Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—For suo jure v. 3. infra.—(δ).Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;2.sed habuit suam Venerem,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —Of private relations (opp. to public):3.ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,
Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,
id. Off. 1, 7, 20:quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,
i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —Of just rights or claims:4.imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,
due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,
Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,
Quint. 11, 1, 41. —So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,
in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,
id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,
by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:5. a.huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,
a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:homini autem suum bonum ratio est,
his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,
id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,
that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,
id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,
in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,
by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:b.Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,
after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,
his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—Of things, favorable.(α).Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:(β).hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:numquam nostris locis laboravimus,
Liv. 9, 19, 15.—Of time:c.cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,
Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:6.neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,
Liv. 22, 39, 21:tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,
id. 4, 58, 2:aestuque suo Locros trajecit,
a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,
Sen. Ep. 71, 3:orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,
Ov. M. 13, 195:aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,
Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:7.quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,
id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,
id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:sensus omnis habet suum finem,
its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,
Liv. 21, 34, 1:nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,
id. 22, 16, 5:adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,
Flor. 2, 6, 26:liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,
Liv. 22, 28, 2:equites ovantes sui moris carmine,
id. 10, 26, 11:exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,
id. 21, 42, 3:tripudiantes suo more,
id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,
that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,
Quint. 12, 10, 2:illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,
Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,
Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—Proper, right.a.Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:b. (α).quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,
their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,
its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,
Liv. 40, 36, 6:cum suo justo equitatu,
id. 21, 17, 8:totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,
Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:tranquilla mente et vultu suo,
with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,
id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,
not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,
Verg. G. 2, 82. —The regular time ( = stato tempore):(β).signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —The right or proper time:(γ).salictum suo tempore caedito,
Cato, R. R. 33:cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,
the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,
id. Sen. 23, 85:Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,
Liv. 4, 7, 6:Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!
Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,
Quint. 2, 4, 21. —Suo loco = at the proper place:(δ).quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:quod reddetur suo loco,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:ut suo loco dicetur,
Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:inscripta quae suis locis reddam,
id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:8.in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,
Cato, R. R. 7:siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,
at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:in partes suas digerenda causa,
Quint. 11, 1, 6:confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).a.Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —b.Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,
retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,
id. 38, 9, 10. —Of paternal authority.(α).Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:(β).quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,
Inst. 1, 48:sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,
Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 1:morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 2:patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,
Dig. 1, 6, 4:si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,
Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,
Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,
Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:homo sui juris,
ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,
id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:D.CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 156:(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,
ib. 2, 135:alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,
ib. 3, 15:datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),
ib. 3, 41:sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,
Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,
id. ib. 22, 17. —Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,
Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.In particular connections.1.With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).a.Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,(α).A subjectnom.:(β).(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,
by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?
by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:ruit ipse suis cladibus,
id. ib. 14, 3, 8:si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,
id. Cael. 5, 11:quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,
Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,
id. 40, 5, 1:respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,
id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—A subject-acc.:(γ).sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,
Liv. 1, 11, 9:(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,
id. 2, 44, 2.—An object in dat. or acc.:b.sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,
Liv. 6, 36, 4:alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,
id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,
their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;c.post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,
Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:tuo ipsius studio,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9:tuam ipsius amicitiam,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:2.suamet ipsa scelera,
Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):suismet ipsis corporibus,
Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):a suismet ipsis praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.a.Quisque and suus in different cases.(α).Quisque as subjectnom.:(β).sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,
Lucr. 5, 1033:suo quisque loco cubet,
Cato, R. R. 5:suum quisque noscat ingenium,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,
id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,
id. Mil. 10, 29:cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 51:celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,
id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,
Lucr. 4, 522:ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,
that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,
id. 6, 15, 3:ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,
id. 1, 24, 2:stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,
id. 44, 38, 11:(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,
id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,
Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,
Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—With acc. of quisque as subj.:(γ).fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,
Cic. Balb. 13, 31:recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,
Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,
id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:(δ).sua cujusque animantis natura est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,
id. Pis. 20, 46:sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,
id. Off. 3, 6, 30:ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,
id. 26, 8, 11:animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,
id. 22, 5, 8:tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,
id. 44, 39, 5:suus cuique (stellae) color est,
Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:trahit sua quemque voluptas,
Verg. E. 2, 65:stat sua cuique dies,
id. A. 10, 467.—As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):(ε).opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,
Liv. 6, 12, 3.—As adjunct of subj.-acc.:(ζ).suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,
id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:b.ut suo quemque appellem nomine,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119:justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,
id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:in tribuendo suum cuique,
id. Off. 1, 5, 14:Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,
Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,
Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,
Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.(α).Attraction of suus:(β).ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),
id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),
Liv. 45, 29, 10:equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),
id. 3, 22, 6:cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,
id. 25, 17, 5:legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),
Tac. A. 14, 27:quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,
Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),
Col. 3, 1;and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),
Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —Attraction of quisque:c.tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,
Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,
Varr. L. L. 10, 48:in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,
id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),
Liv. 24, 3, 5:ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),
Suet. Aug. 40;and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),
each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:suo quoque loco,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,
Col. 11, 3:suo quoque tempore,
Vitr. 2, 9, 4:nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),
Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,
ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—In the order quisque... suus.(α).In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:(β).ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.with sibi,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
id. Off. 1, 31, 113:neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,
Liv. 32, 19, 9:gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,
id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:(γ).in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,
Liv. 21, 48, 2:in patriam quisque suam remissus est,
Just. 33, 2, 8:in vestigio quemque suo vidit,
Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,
id. 33, 45, 6:pro facultatibus quisque suis,
id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,
id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,
id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:(δ).oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,
Ov. F. 2, 715. —When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:d.atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:3.suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,
Liv. 1, 25, 1:ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,
id. 21, 29, 5:utraque (lex) sua via it,
Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,
Liv. 26, 48, 6.—With sibi.(α).Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):(β).reddam suum sibi,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:suam rem sibi salvam sistam,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,
for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,
Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):4.quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,
id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:5.quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,
that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,
id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:6.postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,
to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,
id. Sest. 5, 12:qua gravitate sua,
id. ib. 61, 129:suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,
that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:in istum civem suum,
against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:cum illo suo pari,
id. Pis. 8, 18:te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?
id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,
for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,
by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:nullo suo merito,
from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,
with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—With descriptive adjj.(α).Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):(β).suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,
Cic. Pis. 31, 76:causam sui dementissimi consilii,
id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,
id. ib. 11, 3, 8:suis amplissimis fortunis,
id. ib. 13, 8, 16:suum pristinum morem,
id. Pis. 12, 27:suis lenissimis postulatis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):(γ).pro eximiis suis beneficiis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:propter summam suam humanitatem,
id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:ex praeteritis suis officiis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 60:Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,
id. ib. 3, 76.—After adj. and noun:7.veterem amicum suum excepit,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,
id. Sest. 54, 116.—Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):8.neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),
Sall. C. 51, 11; so,neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,
Liv. 29, 9, 9:ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),
Cic. Balb. 14, 32:suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),
Tac. A. 3, 16; so,nulla sua invidia,
Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:9.si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,
Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.(α).By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:(β).quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:ferri suopte pondere,
id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:suapte natura,
id. Fat. 18, 42:suapte vi et natura,
id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:suopte ingenio,
Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:suapte manu,
Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:locus suapte natura infestus,
Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,suapte natura,
id. 4, 22, 4:flumina suapte natura vasta,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:sponte suapte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):suomet ipsi more,
Sall. J. 31, 6:suomet ipsi instrumento,
Liv. 22, 14, 13:suomet ipsi metu,
Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:suamet ipsum pecunia,
Sall. J. 8, 2:suamet ipsae fraude,
Liv. 8, 18, 9:intra suamet ipsum moenia,
id. 6, 36, 4:suismet ipsi praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6:suismet ipsis corporibus,
id. 2, 19, 5:suosmet ipsi cives,
id. 2, 9, 5:suasmet ipse spes,
Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:populum suimet sanguinis mercede,
Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,
id. ib. 2, 52 ib. -
8 suum
sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;I.so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).A.With antecedent in the same sentence.1.The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.(α).His:(β).Caesar copias suas divisit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 97:ille in sua sententia perseverat,
id. ib. 1, 72:tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,
id. ib. 2, 37:cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?
id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,
Liv. 26, 40, 7:imperat princeps civibus suis,
Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:nemo rem suam emit,
id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—Her:(γ).mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,
Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,
id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:si nunc facere volt era officium suom,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78:si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,
id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—Its:(δ).omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,
id. Planc. 40, 95.—Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:2.mittent aliquem de suo numero,
id. ib. 11, 10, 25:rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,
id. Sest. 14, 32:suis finibus eos prohibent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,
some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—With a subject-clause as antecedent:3.id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
id. 3, 62, 1:secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,
id. 35, 14, 4. —With subject-acc. as antecedent:4.hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,
Cic. Planc. 19, 47:cupio eum suae causae confidere,
id. Sest. 64, 135:suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,
id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—With object-acc. as antecedent.(α).Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):(β).hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,
he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,
id. Sest. 68, 142:Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:illum ulciscentur mores sui,
id. Att. 9, 12, 2:quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,
id. Or. 1, 14:utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,
Liv. 1, 7, 1:quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,
id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,
id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,
Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,
id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,
Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —With impers. verbs:(γ).sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,
Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,
id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,
Liv. 10, 7, 8:militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,
id. 22, 12, 10.—As adjunct of other members of the sentence:5.ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,
Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,
Sall. C. 28, 1:suis flammis delete Fidenas,
i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:suo igni involvit hostes,
Tac. A. 14, 30:quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?
Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—With dat. as antecedent.(α).As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):(β).suus rex reginae placet,
a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?
Cic. Sull. 2, 7:si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,
id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?
id. Planc. 33, 81:haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,
Liv. 21, 50, 4:sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,
id. 42, 50, 7:Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,
id. 8, 14, 2:vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,
Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,
id. Ep. 115, 17:labor illi suus restitutus est,
id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:magnitudo sua singulis constat,
id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,
id. Ep. 53, 11. —With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—Of other words:6.regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,
id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,
id. 39, 37, 6:Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,
id. 25, 3, 5.—With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:7.nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,
id. Mur. 41, 90:quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,
id. Att. 14, 13, 12:suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,
the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,
Liv. 22, 42, 12:nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,
Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,
Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—With predic. nom. as antecedent:8.sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,
Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—With appositive noun.(α).With gram. subject as antecedent:(β).hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,
id. Mil. 9, 25:(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,
id. Planc. 11, 27:ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,
id. Balb. 21, 49:ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,
id. Lig. 4, 11:Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—With object as antecedent:(γ).Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,
id. Lig. 12, 36:Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,
Liv. 22, 34, 2.—With appositive noun as antecedent:9.si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,
Liv. 6, 34, 5:C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,
Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—In participial clauses.(α).The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:(β).credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,
id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,
Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),
Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,
Liv. 22, 60, 9:quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:(γ).sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,
Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,
id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,
Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,
Liv. 25, 15, 1:(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,
id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:10.M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,
Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,
Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),
Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,
id. 7, 29, 7.—In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:(β).mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:(γ).cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,
id. Sest. 23, 51:nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—With antecedent dependent on the gerund:11.eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:B. 1.magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?
Cic. Mil. 15, 40:neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,
his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,
id. Sest. 31, 68:ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,
id. Off. 3, 23, 90:sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,
id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,
id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.Dependent on subject-inff.:2.ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,
Cic. Mur. 7, 16:siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,
id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,
id. Par. 6, 51:ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23:detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,
id. ib. 3, 5, 24:suis exemplis melius est uti,
Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,
Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,
id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—Without a subject-inf.:C.omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,
Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),
Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.1.In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.a.In infinitive clauses:b.(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,
Cic. Mil. 32, 88:(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,
id. Cael. 10, 24:ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,
Caes. B. C. 2, 16:docent, sui judicii rem non esse,
id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:c.scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,
Liv. 44, 8, 4. —Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:d.Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,
Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 3:(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,
Liv. 42, 25, 12:Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),
id. 1, 13, 2:Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,
Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,
Gell. 1, 8, 5. —In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:e.(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,
Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,
id. Marcell. 3, 10:quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?
Sen. Troad. 3, 13:querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,
Quint. 6, 3, 88;and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,
id. 9, 3, 68. —In interrogative clauses:2.si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,
Liv. 6, 27, 8:rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,
id. 23, 39, 2:postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,
id. 43, 19, 5. —In a virtually oblique clause.a.In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:b.me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 80:inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,
Liv. 43, 23, 5:(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,
id. 26, 13, 16:oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,
id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,
Liv. 10, 20, 7:Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,
Nep. Dat. 7, 3:quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?
Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:D.Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),
Cic. Sull. 5, 15:Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),
id. Att. 2, 1, 12:non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),
id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?
id. Att. 8, 9, 2:spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,
Liv. 6, 18, 4:(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,
id. 1, 21, 3:adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,
id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).In the place of ejus.1.In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):2.Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,
Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,
Liv. 1, 17, 2:C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,
Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,
Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—To avoid ambiguity:3.petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,
Liv. 1, 37, 3.—Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:4.in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,
his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,
Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):II.tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,
Cato, R. R. 31:vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,
id. ib. 37:qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,
id. ib. 157:Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,
id. Lys. 1, 2:ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,
Ov. F. 6, 601:quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,
id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.In partic.A.As substt.1.sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.(α).(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:(β).cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,
fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,
her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,
his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,
their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,
to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,
his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,
id. B. C. 2, 35:Caesar receptui suorum timens,
id. ib. 3, 46:certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,
id. ib. 2, 20:omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,
id. ib. 2, 37: so,Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,
id. ib. 3, 86:Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,
to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,
a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,
id. ib. 1, 19:nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,
his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,
his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:subsidio suorum proelium restituere,
comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,
their young, id. 26, 13, 12:abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,
his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,
their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,
Liv. 39, 16, 5.—Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;(γ).the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,
id. Or. 3, 2, 8:quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,
Liv. 37, 41, 8:auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,
id. 37, 12:quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—(δ).Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:2. a.cedo quid hic faciet sua?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—Sing.(α).Lit.:(β).nec suom adimerem alteri,
his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),
id. ib. 1, 2, 119:illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:nec donare illi de suo dicimur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —Trop.:(γ).meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:b.pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,
Dig. 41, 10, 1;so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,
ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,
id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —Plur.(α).One ' s property:(β).Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,
id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,
id. Att. 14, 14, 6:Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,
their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),
Liv. 39, 55, 3. —One ' s own affairs:B.aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,
Liv. 10, 20, 8:omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,
id. 22, 41, 5:aliena cum suis perdidit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.the context),
Quint. 6, 3, 90.Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.1.Of property in things.(α).Corporeal:(γ).scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 11:nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),
Cic. Mil. 32, 87:quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,
id. Off. 1, 7, 21:Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84:gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,
Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,
Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,
since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),
nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,
Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),
Ter. And. prol. 14:potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,
his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—Of a country or people:(δ).suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,
Liv. 44, 24, 4:crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,
id. 21, 44, 5.—Trop.:2.omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,
Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,
id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,
how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,
Quint. 10, 2, 26:quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,
Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—Of persons.(α).Under a master ' s or father ' s control:(β).ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,
make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),
id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):(γ).ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:(δ).hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,
to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,
Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,
devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —Of power over one's self, etc.:3.nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,
self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,
selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:(furiosus) qui suus non est,
Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,
Ov. M. 8, 35. —Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):C.dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.1.The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.a.Opposition expressed:b.nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,
Cic. Balb. 8, 21:sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40:suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,
Liv. 45, 38, 12:damnatione collegae et sua,
id. 22, 35, 3:Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,
Tac. A. 14, 73:velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,
id. H. 3, 37;opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,
at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —Implied:c.voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,
within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;ex suo fonte nativa est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:(β).Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,sortes sua sponte attenuatas,
id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:(γ).restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),
Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:et staturas suo loco leges,
Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—For suo jure v. 3. infra.—(δ).Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;2.sed habuit suam Venerem,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —Of private relations (opp. to public):3.ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,
Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,
id. Off. 1, 7, 20:quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,
i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —Of just rights or claims:4.imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,
due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,
Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,
Quint. 11, 1, 41. —So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,
in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,
id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,
by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:5. a.huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,
a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:homini autem suum bonum ratio est,
his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,
id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,
that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,
id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,
in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,
by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:b.Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,
after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,
his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—Of things, favorable.(α).Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:(β).hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:numquam nostris locis laboravimus,
Liv. 9, 19, 15.—Of time:c.cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,
Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:6.neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,
Liv. 22, 39, 21:tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,
id. 4, 58, 2:aestuque suo Locros trajecit,
a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,
Sen. Ep. 71, 3:orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,
Ov. M. 13, 195:aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,
Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:7.quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,
id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,
id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:sensus omnis habet suum finem,
its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,
Liv. 21, 34, 1:nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,
id. 22, 16, 5:adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,
Flor. 2, 6, 26:liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,
Liv. 22, 28, 2:equites ovantes sui moris carmine,
id. 10, 26, 11:exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,
id. 21, 42, 3:tripudiantes suo more,
id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,
that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,
Quint. 12, 10, 2:illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,
Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,
Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—Proper, right.a.Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:b. (α).quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,
their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,
its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,
Liv. 40, 36, 6:cum suo justo equitatu,
id. 21, 17, 8:totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,
Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:tranquilla mente et vultu suo,
with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,
id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,
not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,
Verg. G. 2, 82. —The regular time ( = stato tempore):(β).signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —The right or proper time:(γ).salictum suo tempore caedito,
Cato, R. R. 33:cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,
the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,
id. Sen. 23, 85:Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,
Liv. 4, 7, 6:Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!
Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,
Quint. 2, 4, 21. —Suo loco = at the proper place:(δ).quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:quod reddetur suo loco,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:ut suo loco dicetur,
Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:inscripta quae suis locis reddam,
id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:8.in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,
Cato, R. R. 7:siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,
at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:in partes suas digerenda causa,
Quint. 11, 1, 6:confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).a.Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —b.Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,
retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,
id. 38, 9, 10. —Of paternal authority.(α).Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:(β).quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,
Inst. 1, 48:sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,
Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 1:morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 2:patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,
Dig. 1, 6, 4:si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,
Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,
Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,
Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:homo sui juris,
ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,
id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:D.CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 156:(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,
ib. 2, 135:alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,
ib. 3, 15:datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),
ib. 3, 41:sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,
Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,
id. ib. 22, 17. —Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,
Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.In particular connections.1.With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).a.Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,(α).A subjectnom.:(β).(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,
by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?
by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:ruit ipse suis cladibus,
id. ib. 14, 3, 8:si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,
id. Cael. 5, 11:quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,
Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,
id. 40, 5, 1:respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,
id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—A subject-acc.:(γ).sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,
Liv. 1, 11, 9:(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,
id. 2, 44, 2.—An object in dat. or acc.:b.sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,
Liv. 6, 36, 4:alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,
id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,
their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;c.post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,
Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:tuo ipsius studio,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9:tuam ipsius amicitiam,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:2.suamet ipsa scelera,
Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):suismet ipsis corporibus,
Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):a suismet ipsis praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.a.Quisque and suus in different cases.(α).Quisque as subjectnom.:(β).sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,
Lucr. 5, 1033:suo quisque loco cubet,
Cato, R. R. 5:suum quisque noscat ingenium,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,
id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,
id. Mil. 10, 29:cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 51:celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,
id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,
Lucr. 4, 522:ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,
that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,
id. 6, 15, 3:ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,
id. 1, 24, 2:stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,
id. 44, 38, 11:(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,
id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,
Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,
Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—With acc. of quisque as subj.:(γ).fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,
Cic. Balb. 13, 31:recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,
Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,
id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:(δ).sua cujusque animantis natura est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,
id. Pis. 20, 46:sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,
id. Off. 3, 6, 30:ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,
id. 26, 8, 11:animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,
id. 22, 5, 8:tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,
id. 44, 39, 5:suus cuique (stellae) color est,
Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:trahit sua quemque voluptas,
Verg. E. 2, 65:stat sua cuique dies,
id. A. 10, 467.—As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):(ε).opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,
Liv. 6, 12, 3.—As adjunct of subj.-acc.:(ζ).suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,
id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:b.ut suo quemque appellem nomine,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119:justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,
id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:in tribuendo suum cuique,
id. Off. 1, 5, 14:Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,
Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,
Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,
Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.(α).Attraction of suus:(β).ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),
id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),
Liv. 45, 29, 10:equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),
id. 3, 22, 6:cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,
id. 25, 17, 5:legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),
Tac. A. 14, 27:quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,
Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),
Col. 3, 1;and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),
Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —Attraction of quisque:c.tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,
Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,
Varr. L. L. 10, 48:in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,
id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),
Liv. 24, 3, 5:ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),
Suet. Aug. 40;and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),
each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:suo quoque loco,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,
Col. 11, 3:suo quoque tempore,
Vitr. 2, 9, 4:nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),
Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,
ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—In the order quisque... suus.(α).In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:(β).ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.with sibi,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
id. Off. 1, 31, 113:neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,
Liv. 32, 19, 9:gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,
id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:(γ).in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,
Liv. 21, 48, 2:in patriam quisque suam remissus est,
Just. 33, 2, 8:in vestigio quemque suo vidit,
Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,
id. 33, 45, 6:pro facultatibus quisque suis,
id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,
id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,
id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:(δ).oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,
Ov. F. 2, 715. —When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:d.atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:3.suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,
Liv. 1, 25, 1:ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,
id. 21, 29, 5:utraque (lex) sua via it,
Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,
Liv. 26, 48, 6.—With sibi.(α).Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):(β).reddam suum sibi,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:suam rem sibi salvam sistam,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,
for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,
Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):4.quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,
id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:5.quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,
that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,
id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:6.postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,
to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,
id. Sest. 5, 12:qua gravitate sua,
id. ib. 61, 129:suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,
that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:in istum civem suum,
against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:cum illo suo pari,
id. Pis. 8, 18:te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?
id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,
for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,
by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:nullo suo merito,
from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,
with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—With descriptive adjj.(α).Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):(β).suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,
Cic. Pis. 31, 76:causam sui dementissimi consilii,
id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,
id. ib. 11, 3, 8:suis amplissimis fortunis,
id. ib. 13, 8, 16:suum pristinum morem,
id. Pis. 12, 27:suis lenissimis postulatis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):(γ).pro eximiis suis beneficiis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:propter summam suam humanitatem,
id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:ex praeteritis suis officiis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 60:Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,
id. ib. 3, 76.—After adj. and noun:7.veterem amicum suum excepit,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,
id. Sest. 54, 116.—Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):8.neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),
Sall. C. 51, 11; so,neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,
Liv. 29, 9, 9:ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),
Cic. Balb. 14, 32:suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),
Tac. A. 3, 16; so,nulla sua invidia,
Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:9.si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,
Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.(α).By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:(β).quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:ferri suopte pondere,
id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:suapte natura,
id. Fat. 18, 42:suapte vi et natura,
id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:suopte ingenio,
Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:suapte manu,
Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:locus suapte natura infestus,
Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,suapte natura,
id. 4, 22, 4:flumina suapte natura vasta,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:sponte suapte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):suomet ipsi more,
Sall. J. 31, 6:suomet ipsi instrumento,
Liv. 22, 14, 13:suomet ipsi metu,
Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:suamet ipsum pecunia,
Sall. J. 8, 2:suamet ipsae fraude,
Liv. 8, 18, 9:intra suamet ipsum moenia,
id. 6, 36, 4:suismet ipsi praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6:suismet ipsis corporibus,
id. 2, 19, 5:suosmet ipsi cives,
id. 2, 9, 5:suasmet ipse spes,
Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:populum suimet sanguinis mercede,
Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,
id. ib. 2, 52 ib. -
9 suus
sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;I.so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).A.With antecedent in the same sentence.1.The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.(α).His:(β).Caesar copias suas divisit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 97:ille in sua sententia perseverat,
id. ib. 1, 72:tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,
id. ib. 2, 37:cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?
id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,
Liv. 26, 40, 7:imperat princeps civibus suis,
Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:nemo rem suam emit,
id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—Her:(γ).mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,
Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,
id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:si nunc facere volt era officium suom,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78:si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,
id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—Its:(δ).omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,
id. Planc. 40, 95.—Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:2.mittent aliquem de suo numero,
id. ib. 11, 10, 25:rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,
id. Sest. 14, 32:suis finibus eos prohibent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,
some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—With a subject-clause as antecedent:3.id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
id. 3, 62, 1:secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,
id. 35, 14, 4. —With subject-acc. as antecedent:4.hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,
Cic. Planc. 19, 47:cupio eum suae causae confidere,
id. Sest. 64, 135:suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,
id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—With object-acc. as antecedent.(α).Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):(β).hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,
he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,
id. Sest. 68, 142:Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:illum ulciscentur mores sui,
id. Att. 9, 12, 2:quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,
id. Or. 1, 14:utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,
Liv. 1, 7, 1:quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,
id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,
id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,
Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,
id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,
Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —With impers. verbs:(γ).sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,
Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,
id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,
Liv. 10, 7, 8:militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,
id. 22, 12, 10.—As adjunct of other members of the sentence:5.ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,
Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,
Sall. C. 28, 1:suis flammis delete Fidenas,
i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:suo igni involvit hostes,
Tac. A. 14, 30:quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?
Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—With dat. as antecedent.(α).As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):(β).suus rex reginae placet,
a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?
Cic. Sull. 2, 7:si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,
id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?
id. Planc. 33, 81:haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,
Liv. 21, 50, 4:sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,
id. 42, 50, 7:Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,
id. 8, 14, 2:vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,
Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,
id. Ep. 115, 17:labor illi suus restitutus est,
id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:magnitudo sua singulis constat,
id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,
id. Ep. 53, 11. —With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—Of other words:6.regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,
id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,
id. 39, 37, 6:Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,
id. 25, 3, 5.—With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:7.nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,
id. Mur. 41, 90:quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,
id. Att. 14, 13, 12:suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,
the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,
Liv. 22, 42, 12:nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,
Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,
Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—With predic. nom. as antecedent:8.sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,
Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—With appositive noun.(α).With gram. subject as antecedent:(β).hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,
id. Mil. 9, 25:(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,
id. Planc. 11, 27:ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,
id. Balb. 21, 49:ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,
id. Lig. 4, 11:Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—With object as antecedent:(γ).Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,
id. Lig. 12, 36:Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,
Liv. 22, 34, 2.—With appositive noun as antecedent:9.si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,
Liv. 6, 34, 5:C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,
Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—In participial clauses.(α).The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:(β).credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,
id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,
Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),
Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,
Liv. 22, 60, 9:quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:(γ).sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,
Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,
id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,
Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,
Liv. 25, 15, 1:(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,
id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:10.M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,
Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,
Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),
Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,
id. 7, 29, 7.—In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:(β).mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:(γ).cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,
id. Sest. 23, 51:nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—With antecedent dependent on the gerund:11.eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:B. 1.magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?
Cic. Mil. 15, 40:neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,
his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,
id. Sest. 31, 68:ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,
id. Off. 3, 23, 90:sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,
id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,
id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.Dependent on subject-inff.:2.ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,
Cic. Mur. 7, 16:siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,
id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,
id. Par. 6, 51:ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23:detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,
id. ib. 3, 5, 24:suis exemplis melius est uti,
Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,
Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,
id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—Without a subject-inf.:C.omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,
Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),
Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.1.In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.a.In infinitive clauses:b.(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,
Cic. Mil. 32, 88:(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,
id. Cael. 10, 24:ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,
Caes. B. C. 2, 16:docent, sui judicii rem non esse,
id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:c.scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,
Liv. 44, 8, 4. —Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:d.Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,
Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 3:(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,
Liv. 42, 25, 12:Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),
id. 1, 13, 2:Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,
Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,
Gell. 1, 8, 5. —In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:e.(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,
Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,
id. Marcell. 3, 10:quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?
Sen. Troad. 3, 13:querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,
Quint. 6, 3, 88;and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,
id. 9, 3, 68. —In interrogative clauses:2.si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,
Liv. 6, 27, 8:rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,
id. 23, 39, 2:postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,
id. 43, 19, 5. —In a virtually oblique clause.a.In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:b.me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 80:inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,
Liv. 43, 23, 5:(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,
id. 26, 13, 16:oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,
id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,
Liv. 10, 20, 7:Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,
Nep. Dat. 7, 3:quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?
Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:D.Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),
Cic. Sull. 5, 15:Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),
id. Att. 2, 1, 12:non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),
id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?
id. Att. 8, 9, 2:spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,
Liv. 6, 18, 4:(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,
id. 1, 21, 3:adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,
id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).In the place of ejus.1.In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):2.Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,
Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,
Liv. 1, 17, 2:C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,
Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,
Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—To avoid ambiguity:3.petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,
Liv. 1, 37, 3.—Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:4.in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,
his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,
Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):II.tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,
Cato, R. R. 31:vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,
id. ib. 37:qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,
id. ib. 157:Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,
id. Lys. 1, 2:ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,
Ov. F. 6, 601:quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,
id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.In partic.A.As substt.1.sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.(α).(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:(β).cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,
fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,
her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,
his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,
their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,
to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,
his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,
id. B. C. 2, 35:Caesar receptui suorum timens,
id. ib. 3, 46:certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,
id. ib. 2, 20:omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,
id. ib. 2, 37: so,Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,
id. ib. 3, 86:Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,
to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,
a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,
id. ib. 1, 19:nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,
his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,
his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:subsidio suorum proelium restituere,
comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,
their young, id. 26, 13, 12:abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,
his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,
their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,
Liv. 39, 16, 5.—Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;(γ).the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,
id. Or. 3, 2, 8:quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,
Liv. 37, 41, 8:auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,
id. 37, 12:quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—(δ).Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:2. a.cedo quid hic faciet sua?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—Sing.(α).Lit.:(β).nec suom adimerem alteri,
his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),
id. ib. 1, 2, 119:illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:nec donare illi de suo dicimur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —Trop.:(γ).meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:b.pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,
Dig. 41, 10, 1;so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,
ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,
id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —Plur.(α).One ' s property:(β).Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,
id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,
id. Att. 14, 14, 6:Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,
their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),
Liv. 39, 55, 3. —One ' s own affairs:B.aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,
Liv. 10, 20, 8:omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,
id. 22, 41, 5:aliena cum suis perdidit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.the context),
Quint. 6, 3, 90.Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.1.Of property in things.(α).Corporeal:(γ).scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 11:nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),
Cic. Mil. 32, 87:quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,
id. Off. 1, 7, 21:Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84:gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,
Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,
Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,
since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),
nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,
Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),
Ter. And. prol. 14:potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,
his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—Of a country or people:(δ).suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,
Liv. 44, 24, 4:crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,
id. 21, 44, 5.—Trop.:2.omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,
Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,
id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,
how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,
Quint. 10, 2, 26:quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,
Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—Of persons.(α).Under a master ' s or father ' s control:(β).ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,
make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),
id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):(γ).ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:(δ).hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,
to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,
Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,
devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —Of power over one's self, etc.:3.nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,
self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,
selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:(furiosus) qui suus non est,
Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,
Ov. M. 8, 35. —Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):C.dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.1.The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.a.Opposition expressed:b.nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,
Cic. Balb. 8, 21:sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40:suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,
Liv. 45, 38, 12:damnatione collegae et sua,
id. 22, 35, 3:Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,
Tac. A. 14, 73:velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,
id. H. 3, 37;opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,
at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —Implied:c.voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,
within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;ex suo fonte nativa est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:(β).Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,sortes sua sponte attenuatas,
id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:(γ).restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),
Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:et staturas suo loco leges,
Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—For suo jure v. 3. infra.—(δ).Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;2.sed habuit suam Venerem,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —Of private relations (opp. to public):3.ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,
Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,
id. Off. 1, 7, 20:quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,
i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —Of just rights or claims:4.imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,
due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,
Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,
Quint. 11, 1, 41. —So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,
in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,
id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,
by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:5. a.huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,
a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:homini autem suum bonum ratio est,
his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,
id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,
that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,
id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,
in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,
by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:b.Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,
after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,
his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—Of things, favorable.(α).Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:(β).hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:numquam nostris locis laboravimus,
Liv. 9, 19, 15.—Of time:c.cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,
Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:6.neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,
Liv. 22, 39, 21:tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,
id. 4, 58, 2:aestuque suo Locros trajecit,
a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,
Sen. Ep. 71, 3:orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,
Ov. M. 13, 195:aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,
Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:7.quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,
id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,
id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:sensus omnis habet suum finem,
its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,
Liv. 21, 34, 1:nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,
id. 22, 16, 5:adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,
Flor. 2, 6, 26:liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,
Liv. 22, 28, 2:equites ovantes sui moris carmine,
id. 10, 26, 11:exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,
id. 21, 42, 3:tripudiantes suo more,
id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,
that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,
Quint. 12, 10, 2:illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,
Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,
Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—Proper, right.a.Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:b. (α).quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,
their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,
its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,
Liv. 40, 36, 6:cum suo justo equitatu,
id. 21, 17, 8:totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,
Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:tranquilla mente et vultu suo,
with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,
id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,
not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,
Verg. G. 2, 82. —The regular time ( = stato tempore):(β).signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —The right or proper time:(γ).salictum suo tempore caedito,
Cato, R. R. 33:cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,
the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,
id. Sen. 23, 85:Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,
Liv. 4, 7, 6:Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!
Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,
Quint. 2, 4, 21. —Suo loco = at the proper place:(δ).quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:quod reddetur suo loco,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:ut suo loco dicetur,
Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:inscripta quae suis locis reddam,
id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:8.in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,
Cato, R. R. 7:siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,
at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:in partes suas digerenda causa,
Quint. 11, 1, 6:confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).a.Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —b.Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,
retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,
id. 38, 9, 10. —Of paternal authority.(α).Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:(β).quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,
Inst. 1, 48:sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,
Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 1:morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 2:patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,
Dig. 1, 6, 4:si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,
Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,
Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,
Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:homo sui juris,
ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,
id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:D.CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 156:(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,
ib. 2, 135:alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,
ib. 3, 15:datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),
ib. 3, 41:sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,
Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,
id. ib. 22, 17. —Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,
Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.In particular connections.1.With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).a.Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,(α).A subjectnom.:(β).(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,
by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?
by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:ruit ipse suis cladibus,
id. ib. 14, 3, 8:si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,
id. Cael. 5, 11:quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,
Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,
id. 40, 5, 1:respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,
id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—A subject-acc.:(γ).sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,
Liv. 1, 11, 9:(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,
id. 2, 44, 2.—An object in dat. or acc.:b.sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,
Liv. 6, 36, 4:alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,
id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,
their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;c.post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,
Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:tuo ipsius studio,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9:tuam ipsius amicitiam,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:2.suamet ipsa scelera,
Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):suismet ipsis corporibus,
Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):a suismet ipsis praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.a.Quisque and suus in different cases.(α).Quisque as subjectnom.:(β).sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,
Lucr. 5, 1033:suo quisque loco cubet,
Cato, R. R. 5:suum quisque noscat ingenium,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,
id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,
id. Mil. 10, 29:cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 51:celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,
id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,
Lucr. 4, 522:ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,
that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,
id. 6, 15, 3:ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,
id. 1, 24, 2:stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,
id. 44, 38, 11:(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,
id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,
Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,
Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—With acc. of quisque as subj.:(γ).fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,
Cic. Balb. 13, 31:recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,
Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,
id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:(δ).sua cujusque animantis natura est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,
id. Pis. 20, 46:sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,
id. Off. 3, 6, 30:ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,
id. 26, 8, 11:animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,
id. 22, 5, 8:tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,
id. 44, 39, 5:suus cuique (stellae) color est,
Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:trahit sua quemque voluptas,
Verg. E. 2, 65:stat sua cuique dies,
id. A. 10, 467.—As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):(ε).opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,
Liv. 6, 12, 3.—As adjunct of subj.-acc.:(ζ).suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,
id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:b.ut suo quemque appellem nomine,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119:justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,
id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:in tribuendo suum cuique,
id. Off. 1, 5, 14:Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,
Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,
Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,
Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.(α).Attraction of suus:(β).ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),
id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),
Liv. 45, 29, 10:equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),
id. 3, 22, 6:cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,
id. 25, 17, 5:legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),
Tac. A. 14, 27:quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,
Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),
Col. 3, 1;and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),
Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —Attraction of quisque:c.tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,
Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,
Varr. L. L. 10, 48:in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,
id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),
Liv. 24, 3, 5:ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),
Suet. Aug. 40;and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),
each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:suo quoque loco,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,
Col. 11, 3:suo quoque tempore,
Vitr. 2, 9, 4:nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),
Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,
ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—In the order quisque... suus.(α).In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:(β).ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.with sibi,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
id. Off. 1, 31, 113:neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,
Liv. 32, 19, 9:gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,
id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:(γ).in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,
Liv. 21, 48, 2:in patriam quisque suam remissus est,
Just. 33, 2, 8:in vestigio quemque suo vidit,
Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,
id. 33, 45, 6:pro facultatibus quisque suis,
id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,
id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,
id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:(δ).oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,
Ov. F. 2, 715. —When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:d.atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:3.suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,
Liv. 1, 25, 1:ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,
id. 21, 29, 5:utraque (lex) sua via it,
Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,
Liv. 26, 48, 6.—With sibi.(α).Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):(β).reddam suum sibi,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:suam rem sibi salvam sistam,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,
for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,
Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):4.quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,
id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:5.quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,
that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,
id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:6.postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,
to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,
id. Sest. 5, 12:qua gravitate sua,
id. ib. 61, 129:suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,
that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:in istum civem suum,
against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:cum illo suo pari,
id. Pis. 8, 18:te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?
id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,
for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,
by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:nullo suo merito,
from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,
with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—With descriptive adjj.(α).Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):(β).suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,
Cic. Pis. 31, 76:causam sui dementissimi consilii,
id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,
id. ib. 11, 3, 8:suis amplissimis fortunis,
id. ib. 13, 8, 16:suum pristinum morem,
id. Pis. 12, 27:suis lenissimis postulatis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):(γ).pro eximiis suis beneficiis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:propter summam suam humanitatem,
id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:ex praeteritis suis officiis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 60:Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,
id. ib. 3, 76.—After adj. and noun:7.veterem amicum suum excepit,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,
id. Sest. 54, 116.—Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):8.neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),
Sall. C. 51, 11; so,neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,
Liv. 29, 9, 9:ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),
Cic. Balb. 14, 32:suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),
Tac. A. 3, 16; so,nulla sua invidia,
Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:9.si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,
Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.(α).By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:(β).quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:ferri suopte pondere,
id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:suapte natura,
id. Fat. 18, 42:suapte vi et natura,
id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:suopte ingenio,
Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:suapte manu,
Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:locus suapte natura infestus,
Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,suapte natura,
id. 4, 22, 4:flumina suapte natura vasta,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:sponte suapte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):suomet ipsi more,
Sall. J. 31, 6:suomet ipsi instrumento,
Liv. 22, 14, 13:suomet ipsi metu,
Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:suamet ipsum pecunia,
Sall. J. 8, 2:suamet ipsae fraude,
Liv. 8, 18, 9:intra suamet ipsum moenia,
id. 6, 36, 4:suismet ipsi praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6:suismet ipsis corporibus,
id. 2, 19, 5:suosmet ipsi cives,
id. 2, 9, 5:suasmet ipse spes,
Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:populum suimet sanguinis mercede,
Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,
id. ib. 2, 52 ib. -
10 summum
sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:I.super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].Posit.A.Adj.1.In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:2.at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):B.supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—Substt.1.Sŭpĕri, orum, m.(α).They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:(β).multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:2.quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—sŭpĕra, orum, n.(α).The heavenly bodies:(β).Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—Higher places (sc. loca):II.supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.A.Lit., of place, higher, upper:B.inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—Trop.1.Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:b.superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:2.omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:3. (α).Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—With abl. respect.:(β).pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—Absol.:III.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.A.‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—B. 1.Lit. (only poet.; cf.2.summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—Trop.a. (α).In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;(β).sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:1. 2.supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.suprēma, orum, n.(α).The last moments, the close of life, death:(β).ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:(γ).supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—A last will, testament:(δ). b.nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:C.multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).1.Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):b.summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:2.ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—Transf., of the voice:2.jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—Trop.a.Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):b.haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1. -
11 Superi
sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:I.super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].Posit.A.Adj.1.In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:2.at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):B.supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—Substt.1.Sŭpĕri, orum, m.(α).They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:(β).multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:2.quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—sŭpĕra, orum, n.(α).The heavenly bodies:(β).Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—Higher places (sc. loca):II.supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.A.Lit., of place, higher, upper:B.inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—Trop.1.Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:b.superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:2.omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:3. (α).Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—With abl. respect.:(β).pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—Absol.:III.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.A.‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—B. 1.Lit. (only poet.; cf.2.summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—Trop.a. (α).In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;(β).sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:1. 2.supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.suprēma, orum, n.(α).The last moments, the close of life, death:(β).ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:(γ).supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—A last will, testament:(δ). b.nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:C.multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).1.Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):b.summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:2.ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—Transf., of the voice:2.jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—Trop.a.Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):b.haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1. -
12 superus
sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:I.super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].Posit.A.Adj.1.In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:2.at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):B.supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—Substt.1.Sŭpĕri, orum, m.(α).They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:(β).multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:2.quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—sŭpĕra, orum, n.(α).The heavenly bodies:(β).Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—Higher places (sc. loca):II.supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.A.Lit., of place, higher, upper:B.inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—Trop.1.Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:b.superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:2.omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:3. (α).Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—With abl. respect.:(β).pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—Absol.:III.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.A.‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—B. 1.Lit. (only poet.; cf.2.summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—Trop.a. (α).In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;(β).sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:1. 2.supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.suprēma, orum, n.(α).The last moments, the close of life, death:(β).ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:(γ).supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—A last will, testament:(δ). b.nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:C.multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).1.Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):b.summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:2.ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—Transf., of the voice:2.jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—Trop.a.Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):b.haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1. -
13 suprema
sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:I.super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].Posit.A.Adj.1.In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:2.at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):B.supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—Substt.1.Sŭpĕri, orum, m.(α).They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:(β).multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:2.quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—sŭpĕra, orum, n.(α).The heavenly bodies:(β).Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—Higher places (sc. loca):II.supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.A.Lit., of place, higher, upper:B.inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—Trop.1.Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:b.superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:2.omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:3. (α).Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—With abl. respect.:(β).pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—Absol.:III.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.A.‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—B. 1.Lit. (only poet.; cf.2.summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—Trop.a. (α).In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;(β).sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:1. 2.supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.suprēma, orum, n.(α).The last moments, the close of life, death:(β).ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:(γ).supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—A last will, testament:(δ). b.nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:C.multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).1.Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):b.summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:2.ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—Transf., of the voice:2.jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—Trop.a.Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):b.haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1. -
14 supremum
sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:I.super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].Posit.A.Adj.1.In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:2.at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):B.supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—Substt.1.Sŭpĕri, orum, m.(α).They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:(β).multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:2.quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—sŭpĕra, orum, n.(α).The heavenly bodies:(β).Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—Higher places (sc. loca):II.supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.A.Lit., of place, higher, upper:B.inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—Trop.1.Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:b.superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:2.omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:3. (α).Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—With abl. respect.:(β).pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—Absol.:III.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.A.‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—B. 1.Lit. (only poet.; cf.2.summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—Trop.a. (α).In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;(β).sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:1. 2.supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.suprēma, orum, n.(α).The last moments, the close of life, death:(β).ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:(γ).supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—A last will, testament:(δ). b.nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:C.multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).1.Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):b.summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:2.ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—Transf., of the voice:2.jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—Trop.a.Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):b.haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1. -
15 supremus
sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:I.super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].Posit.A.Adj.1.In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:2.at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):B.supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—Substt.1.Sŭpĕri, orum, m.(α).They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:(β).multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:2.quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—sŭpĕra, orum, n.(α).The heavenly bodies:(β).Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—Higher places (sc. loca):II.supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.A.Lit., of place, higher, upper:B.inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—Trop.1.Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:b.superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:2.omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:3. (α).Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—With abl. respect.:(β).pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—Absol.:III.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.A.‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—B. 1.Lit. (only poet.; cf.2.summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—Trop.a. (α).In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;(β).sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:1. 2.supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.suprēma, orum, n.(α).The last moments, the close of life, death:(β).ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:(γ).supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—A last will, testament:(δ). b.nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:C.multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).1.Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):b.summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:2.ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—Transf., of the voice:2.jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—Trop.a.Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):b.haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1. -
16 deicio
dē-ĭcĭo or dejicio, jēci, jectum, 3, v. a. [jacio], to throw or cast down; to hurl down, precipitate (very freq., and class.).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.araneas de foribus et de pariete,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 31:aliquem de ponte in Tiberim,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 100; cf.:aliquem e ponte,
Suet. Caes. 80:aliquem de saxo (Tarpeio),
Liv. 5, 47; 6, 20; Hor. S. 1, 6, 39; cf.aliquem saxo Tarpeio,
Tac. A. 6, 19:aliquem equo,
Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 5; Liv. 4, 19:jugum servile a cervicibus,
Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6:togam ab umeris,
Suet. Aug. 52; cf.:togam de umero,
id. Caes. 9 al.; esp. reflex. with pron.:se de muro,
Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3; cf.:se de superiore parte aedium,
Nep. Dion, 4 fin.:se per munitiones,
Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 5:se a praealtis montibus (venti),
Liv. 28, 6:librum in mare,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 14; cf.:aliquem in locum inferiorem,
Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 12:aliquem e summo in Tartara,
Lucr. 5, 1124:elatam securim in caput (regis),
Liv. 1, 40; cf. id. 7, 10:equum e campo in cavam hanc viam,
force to leap down, id. 23, 47:bustum aut monumentum, aut columnam,
Cic. Leg. 2, 26; so,statuas veterum hominum (c. c. depellere simulacra deorum),
id. Cat. 3, 8, 19:monumenta regis templaque Vestae,
Hor. Od. 1, 2, 15:signa aenea in Capitolio (tempestas),
Liv. 40, 2:omnes Hermas,
Nep. Alcib. 3:turrim,
Caes. B. C. 2, 22; cf.arces,
Hor. Od. 4, 14, 13 et saep.:arbores,
to fell, Liv. 21, 37, 2; Vitr. 2, 9, 4:caput uno ictu,
to cut off, Verg. A. 9, 770; id. ib. 10, 546:libellos,
to tear down, Cic. Quint. 6, 27; Sen. Ben. 4, 12 (but Caes. B. G. 3, 15, antemnis disjectis is the true reading): comam, Afran. ap. Non. 514, 2; cf.:crinibus dejectis,
loose, dishevelled, Tac. A. 14, 30:sortes,
to cast into the urn, Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 5:dejectam aerea sortem accepit galea,
Verg. A. 5, 490 sq.:cum dejecta sors esset,
Liv. 21, 42; cf.:pernam, glandium,
to throw into the pot, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 36:alvum,
to purge, Cato R. R. 158; cf.:casei caprini, qui facillimi deiciantur,
i. e. are most easily digested, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 3;opp. alvum superiorem,
i. e. to vomit, Cato R. R. 156, 2.—Esp.1.Milit. t. t., to drive out, dislodge an enemy from his position: hostes muro turribusque dejecti, Caes. B. G. 7, 28; cf.:2.nostri dejecti sunt loco,
id. ib. 7, 51:praesidium ex saltu,
id. B. C. 1, 37 fin.; cf.:agmen Gallorum ex rupe Tarpeia,
Liv. 7, 10:ex tot castellis,
id. 44, 35:praesidium Claternā,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 6; cf.:praesidium loco summe munito,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 30: praesidium (without abl.), Caes. B. G. 7, 36, 7; id. B. C. 3, 23, 2; Liv. 4, 53 al.:castra hostium,
to destroy, id. 25, 14:praetorium,
id. 41, 2 et saep.—Jurid. t. t., to drive out, turn out of possession, eject, dispossess (cf. deduco):3.unde vi prohibitus sis... unde dejectus?
Cic. Caecin. 13; cf. id. ib. 17, 50:nisi ex eo loco ubi vestigium impresserit, deici neminem posse,
id. ib. 27, 76 fin.:aliquem de possessione imperii,
Liv. 45, 22.—Naut. t. t., pass.: deici, to be driven out of one's course:4.naves ad inferiorem partem insulae,
Caes. B. G. 4, 28, 2:classis tempestate vexata ad Balearīs insulas deicitur,
Liv. 23, 34, 16; id. 23, 40, 6.—Pregn. (cf.: cado, concĭdo, decĭdo; caedo, concīdo, decīdo, etc.), to fell with a mortal wound, to bring down dead to the ground; to kill, slay:5.his dejectis et coacervatis cadaveribus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 4; 4, 12; id. B. C. 1, 46; 3, 51; cf.:quem telo primum, quem postremum aspera virgo Deicis?
Verg. A. 11, 665:avem ab alto caelo,
id. ib. 5, 542; cf. id. ib. 11, 580:Glaucoque bovem Thetidique juvencam Deicit Ancaeus,
i. e. slaughters as a sacrifice, Val. Fl. 1, 191:super juvencum stabat dejectum leo,
Phaedr. 2, 1, 1:(Hercules) aves sagittis dejecit,
Lact. 1, 9, 2:gruem,
Verg. A. 11, 580.—To lower, let down, hang down, depress, of the head, etc. (cf. II. A. infra):II.dejecto capite (opp. supino capite),
Quint. 11, 3, 69.—Of a nod (opp. relato capite), Apul. Met. 10.—Of a wild beast:id (caput) dejectum semper in terram,
Plin. 8, 21, 32, § 77:in pectora mentum,
Ov. M. 12, 255:euntes dejecta cervice Getae,
Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 180.—Trop.A.In gen.:B.pueri Sisennae oculos de isto numquam deicere,
never took their eyes off him, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 71:oculos a republica,
id. Phil. 1, 1:dejecit vultum et demissa voce locuta est,
cast down her eyes, Verg. A. 3, 320; cf.:oculos in terram,
Quint. 1, 11, 9 al.;and in Gr. construction, dejectus oculos,
with downcast eyes, Verg. A. 11, 480:dejectus vultum,
Stat. Th. 3, 367:ecquid ergo intellegis quantum mali de humana condicione dejeceris?
thou hast removed, averted, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8; cf.:quantum de doloris terrore,
id. ib. 2, 5, 14:vitia a se ratione,
id. ib. 4, 37, 80; cf.:cruciatum a corpore (with depellere omnia verbera),
id. Verr. 2, 5, 62:hunc metum Siciliae,
id. ib. 2, 5, 49 fin.:quae replenda vel deicienda sunt,
Quint. 10, 4, 1:eum de sententia dejecistis,
hast diverted from his opinion, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 8:fortis et constantis est, non tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,
id. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf. id. Att. 16, 15, 3.—In partic. (acc. to no. I. B. 2.), to cast one down from the prospect of a thing; to prevent from obtaining, to deprive, rob of:C.de honore deici,
Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 25:de possessione imperii,
Liv. 45, 22, 7;for which, ad deiciendum honore eum,
Liv. 39, 41;and, dejecti honore,
id. 3, 35; so with simple abl.:aliquem aedilitate,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 23:aedilitate,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 23:praeturā,
id. Mur. 36, 76:principatu,
Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 8:certo consulatu,
Liv. 40, 46, 14:spe,
id. 44, 28, 1:ea spe,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 4; cf.:opinione trium legionum (i. e. spe trium legionum colligendarum),
id. ib. 5, 48:conjuge tanto,
Verg. A. 3, 317. —Without abl.: M. Caelium mentio illa fatua... subito dejecit, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 3:cum inimicum eo quoque anno petentem dejecisset,
Liv. 38, 35:uxorem (sc. conjugio),
Tac. A. 11, 29 fin.:hoc dejecto,
after his fall, Nep. Thras. 3, 1; cf. Tac. A. 2, 3; Luc. 8, 27:ex alto dejectus culmine regni,
Sil. 17, 143.—To humble:I.deicimur, sed non perimus,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 4, 9:deiciendi hominis causa,
Lact. 4, 27, 17.—Hence, dejectus, a, um, P. a. (very rare).Sunk down, low:II.equitatus noster etsi dejectis atque inferioribus locis constiterat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 3:dejectius,
Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 6 fin. —(Acc. to no. II. B., deprived of hope; hence) Cast down, dejected, dispirited:haud dejectus equum duci jubet,
Verg. A. 10, 858; cf.: [p. 535] haud sic dejecta, Stat. Th. 3, 315:in epilogis plerumque dejecti et infracti sumus,
Quint. 9. 4, 138.— Sup. does not occur.— -
17 ibi
ĭbĭ̄, adv. [from the pronom. root I, is, with dat. ending as in tibi, sibi, in loc. sense as in ubi; cf. Sanscr. suffix bhjam; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 169], in that place, there, = entautha (cf. istic).I.Lit., in space:II.ibi cenavi atque ibi quievi in navi noctem perpetem,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 100;tandem abii ad praetorem. Ibi vix requievi,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 6: nempe in foro? De. Ibi, id. As. 1, 1, 104:in Asiam hinc abii, atque ibi, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 59:Demaratus fugit Tarquinios Corintho et ibi suas fortunas constituit,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 109; Ov. M. 1, 316:aedificabat in summa Velia: ibi alto atque munito loco arcem inexpugnabilem fore,
Liv. 2, 7, 6:erit haec differentia inter hoc edictum et superius, quod ibi de eo damno praetor loquitur, etc.,
Dig. 47, 8, 4, § 6:musca est meus pater... nec sacrum nec tam profanum quicquamst, quin ibi ilico adsit,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27:ut illa, quae dicimus, non domo attulisse, sed ibi protinus sumpsisse videamur,
there, on the spot, Quint. 11, 2, 46; 4, 1, 54; 12, 9, 19:in eo flumine pons erat. Ibi praesidium ponit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 47.—In common speech, sometimes pleonastic, with the name of a place:in medio propter canalem, ibi ostentatores meri,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 15; 19; 22; id. Cist. 1, 1, 18; cf.:illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,
id. Capt. 5, 4, 3.—With corresp. relative adverbs, ubi, unde, etc.:nam ubi tu profusus, ibi ego me pervelim sepultam,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 7:nemo est, quin ubivis quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit,
Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 1; cf.:ibi esse, ubi, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 10:ubi tyrannus est, ibi... dicendum est plane nullam esse rem publicam,
id. Rep. 3, 31:multa intelleges meliora apud nos multo esse facta quam ibi fuissent, unde huc translata essent,
id. ib. 2, 16.—So with quo loco, etc.:quo loco maxime umor intus perseverabit, ibi pus proximum erit,
Cels. 8, 9; cf.:quacumque equo invectus est, ibi haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,
Liv. 8, 9, 12:quo descenderant, ibi processerunt longe,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 5.—With gen.:ibi loci terrarum orbe portis discluso,
Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30.—Post-class. of vessels, etc., therein (= in eis):qui sciens vasa vitiosa commodavit, si ibi infusum vinum est, etc.,
Dig. 13, 6, 18, § 3.—Post-class. and very rarely with verbs of motion (for eo):et cum ibi venerimus,
there, thither, Dig. 1, 2, 1 fin.; cf. ibidem.—Transf.A.Of time, then, thereupon (mostly ante - class. and poet., but freq. in Liv.):B.invocat deos inmortales: ibi continuo contonat Sonitu maxumo, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 41 sq.; cf.:ubi... ibi,
ib. 11:postquam... ibi,
ib. v. 39 sq.:ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum,
Verg. A. 2, 792:ibi infit, etc.,
Liv. 3, 71, 6:nec moram ullam, quin ducat, dari: Ibi demum ita aegre tulit, ut, etc.,
then for the first time, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53: ibi postquam laborare aciem Calpurnius vidit, Liv. 39, 31, 4.—With cum:ibi cum alii mores et instituta eorum eluderent,
Liv. 40, 5, 7:ibi cum de re publica retulisset,
id. 22, 1, 4.—With corresp. ubi:ille ubi miser famelicus videt, me tam facile victum quaerere, ibi homo coepit me obsecrare, etc.,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 30:non voco (te patrem): Ubi voles pater esse, ibi esto,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 25.—Pleonastically with tum:tum ibi nescio quis me arripit,
Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 352 Vahl.):cum Aebutius Caecinae malum minaretur, ibi tum Caecinam postulasse, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 27; cf.:ibi nunc (colloq.),
Plaut. Am. prol. 135; id. Curc. 3, 68.—Of other relations, there, in that matter, on that occasion, in that condition (class.): nolite ibi nimiam spem habere, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:2.numquid ego ibi peccavi?
Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 23:at pol ego ibi sum, esse ubi miserum hominem decet,
id. Bacch. 5, 1, 21:si quid est, quod ad testes reservet, ibi nos quoque paratiores reperiet,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:ibi fortunae veniam damus,
in that case, Juv. 11, 176:huic ab adulescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis grata fuere, ibique juventutem suam exercuit,
in these things, Sall. C. 5, 2; Quint. 2, 2, 12:non poterat ibi esse quaestio,
id. 7, 1, 5:subsensi illos ibi esse et id agere inter se clanculum,
to be at it, busy about it, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 63:ibi esse,
id. ib. 5, 2, 30; cf.:cecinere vates, cujus civitatis eam civis Dianae immolasset, ibi fore imperium,
i. e. in that state, Liv. 1, 45, 5:ibi imperium fore, unde victoria fuerit,
id. 1, 24, 2:et interdum in sanctionibus adicitur, ut qui ibi aliquid commisit, capite puniatur, i. e. in his sanctionibus,
Dig. 1, 8, 9, § 3.—Of persons, in or with him or her (very rare): duxi uxorem;3.quam ibi miseriam vidi!
Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 13 (cf.: ibi inquit, quasi uxor locus sit, Don. ad loc.); cf.:nil ibi majorum respectus,
Juv. 8, 64.—Esp., law t. t.: tunc ibi, then and there, in the state of affairs then existing:de eo, quaque ille tunc ibi habuit, tantummodo, intra annum... judicium dabo,
Dig. 43, 16, 1 praef.; cf.: ibi autem ait praetor, ut ne quis et quae illic non habuit, complectatur, ib. § 37 sq. -
18 de
prep.1 of.el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' cares de ella it's hersla pata de la mesa the table legLa casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]2 from (procedencia, distancia).salir de casa to leave homesoy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbaode la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment3 (made) of (materia).un vaso de plástico a plastic cupun reloj de oro a gold watch4 about (asunto).hablábamos de ti we were talking about youlibros de historia history books5 as.trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman6 from (time) (since).trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to fivede madrugada early in the morninga las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoontrabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day7 with (causa, modo).morirse de hambre to die of hungerllorar de alegría to cry with joyde una patada with a kickde una sola vez in one gode tres en tres three at a time8 if.de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sundayde no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it9 to.Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.f.1 letter d.2 SD, standard deviation.3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.* * *de————————de1 (posesión, pertenencia) of2 (procedencia, origen) from3 (descripción) with■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl4 (tema) of, on, about5 (materia) made of, of6 (contenido) of7 (uso) for8 (oficio) by, as9 (modo) on, in, as10 (tiempo) at, by, in■ de día by day, during the day12 (precio) at13 (medida) measuring14 (causa) with, because of, of15 (agente) by16 (con superlativo) in, of17 (suposición) if18 (en una aposición) of* * *prep.1) of2) from3) in, at4) than5) by* * *PREPOSITION1) [relación] ofla carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia
2) [pertenencia]la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez
3) [característica, material]este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model
ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat
4) [contenido]una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass
5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] fromde... a...los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best
6) [causa]7) [manera]de... en...8) (=respecto de)estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better
9) [tema] aboutun libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology
10) [uso]11) [cantidad, medida, valor]12) [con horas y fechas]a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.
son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.
el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)
13) [tiempo]14) [proporción]15) [uso partitivo] of¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *
16) [autoría] byun libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's
17) [como complemento agente] byel rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage
18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro
19) [en comparaciones] thanmás/menos de siete — more/less than seven
más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people
20) [con superlativos] inel más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world
21) + infinser de ({+ infin}8})sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information
22) [dependiente de formas verbales]de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...
¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?
se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch
23) [uso condicional] ifde haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come
de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so
* * *I1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house
no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs
su padre de usted — (frml) your father
es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family
2)a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) ofb) ( con apellidos)[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena
los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz
las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)
c) ( en exclamaciones)ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)
3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) fromes de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá
la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period
de... a... — from... to...
4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection
5) (expresando causa, modo)de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time
de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one
6)a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?
la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat
b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?
8)a) (al definir, especificar)¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?
es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce
b) ( sentido partitivo) of¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?
9) ( con sentido ponderativo)lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!
qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!
10)a) ( con cifras)pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%
b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) thancuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100
pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo
un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo)12) ( en calidad de) as13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party
14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by15) ( con sentido condicional)a)de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered
b)ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)
IIes de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...
* * *= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.----* abogado de oficio = legal aid.* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.* de... a = through.* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.* de abolengo = well-born.* de abordo = in-flight.* de absorción = absorptive.* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.* de acceso público = publicly accessible.* de acceso rápido = fast-access.* de acceso restringido = closed access.* de acción = action-centered.* de acompañante = in tow.* de actitud = attitudinal.* de actuación = for action.* de actualidad = topical.* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.* de acuerdo a = according to.* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.* de adaptación = adaptive.* de †frica = African.* de Africa occidental = West African.* de agua = water-based.* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.* de ahí = therefrom.* de ahí que = hence.* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.* de Alaska = Alaskan.* de Albania = Albanian.* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].* de alcohol = spirit-based.* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.* de algún tipo = of some description.* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.* de alta alcurnia = well-born.* de alta cuna = well-born.* de alta densidad = high-density.* de alta energía = high energy.* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.* de alta potencia = high power.* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* de alta productividad = high-performance.* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.* de alta tensión = heavy-current.* de alta velocidad = high-speed.* de alto abolengo = well-born.* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.* de altura = high, top-notch.* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.* de aluvión = alluvial.* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].* de antigua generación = low-end.* de antiguo = from time immemorial.* de apariencia = cosmetic.* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.* de aquel entonces = of that day.* de aquí para allá = back and forth.* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.* de archivo = archival, archive.* de armas tomar = redoubtable.* de arranque = bootable.* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.* de asesoramiento = consultative.* de aspecto = looking.* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.* de aspecto digno = dignified.* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.* de aspecto solemne = dignified.* de atención básica = preattentive.* de atención primaria = preattentive.* de atrás = rear.* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.* de aupa = royal.* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.* de autogestión = self-managing.* de autoprotección = self-protective.* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].* de baja ralea = ignoble.* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.* de bajo consumo = low energy.* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.* de bajo precio = low-priced.* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.* de balde = for free.* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].* de bienvenida = salutatory.* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.* de bodas = bridal.* de Boole = Boolean.* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.* de broma = humorously, teasingly.* de bronce = brass.* de buena calidad = good-quality.* de buena disposición = good-natured.* de buena fama = of good repute.* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.* de buena reputación = of good repute.* de buenas = on good terms.* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].* de buena voluntad = in good faith.* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.* de buen gusto = tasteful.* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.* de buenos modales = well-mannered.* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].* de buen ver = good looking.* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.* de cachondeo = teasingly.* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.* de cajón = no-brainer.* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.* de campo = free-range.* de campos fijos = fixed-field.* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.* de carácter = in character.* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.* de castigo = punitive.* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.* de cerámica = ceramic.* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].* de cinco días de duración = five-day.* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.* de civil = in plain clothes.* de clasificación = classificatory.* de clausura = cloistered.* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.* de cobre = cupric.* de cojones = badass.* de colegas = collegial, buddying.* de Colombia = Colombian.* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.* de color de bronce = brassy.* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].* de colorines = brightly coloured.* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.* de color rojo = red-coloured.* de color rosa = rose-coloured.* de color verde botella = bottle green.* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.* de cómo = as to how.* de compañeros = collegial.* de complicidad = knowing.* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.* de conceptos = concept-based.* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.* de confirmación = confirmatory.* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.* de conífera = coniferous.* de construcción básica = brick and frame.* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.* de consulta fácil = scannable.* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.* de consumo = consumptive.* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* de contrabando = bootleg.* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.* de Corea = Korean.* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.* de corral = free-range.* de corta duración = short term [short-term].* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.* de coste cero = zero-cost.* de costumbre = usual, usually.* de creación = authorial.* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.* de Crimea = Crimean.* de cristal = glass.* de crucial importancia = crucially important.* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].* de cualquier modo = however, either way.* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.* de Cuba = Cuban.* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.* de densidad doble = double-density.* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.* de derechas = right-wing.* de derecho = de jure [iure].* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.* de desarrollo = developmental.* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.* de desconexión = cut-off.* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.* de desecho = discarded.* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].* de desguace = written-off.* de despedida = valedictory.* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.* de día a día = from day to day.* de diámetro = in diameter.* de diario = everyday.* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.* de diesel = diesel-powered.* de diferente modo = differently.* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].* de difícil solución = intractable.* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.* de dirección = directorial, administrative.* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.* de doble filo = double-edged.* de doble hoja = double-hinged.* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.* de doble uso = dual-use.* de dolor = in pain.* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].* de dos en dos = two at a time.* de dos letras = two-letter.* de dos niveles = two-tier.* de dos páginas = two-page.* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].* de dos patas = two-legged.* de dos piernas = two-legged.* de dos pies = two-legged.* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.* de dos tonos = bitonal.* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.* de duelo = in mourning.* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.* de edad = elderly.* de edad avanzada = over the hill.* de edad escolar = school-age.* de edad mediana = middle-aged.* de edad universitaria = college-age.* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.* de ello = thereof, therefrom.* de ellos = theirs.* de embalsamar = embalming.* de emisor a receptor = downstream.* de encaje = lacy.* de enmienda = amendatory.* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.* de entonces = of the day.* de entreguerras = interwar.* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.* de entretenimiento = recreational.* de envergadura = heavy lifting.* de época = vintage.* de epopeya = epic.* de esa época = of the period.* de escándalo = outrageous.* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.* de eso = thereof.* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.* de especial importancia = of particular note.* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.* de Estonia = Estonian.* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.* de evaluación = evaluative.* de éxito = successful.* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].* de expansión = expanded.* de explotación = exploitative.* de extensión = in length.* de extensión normal = standard-length.* de extremada urgencia = serious.* de fabricación casera = homemade.* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.* de fácil manejo = liftable.* de facto = de facto.* de fama = of note.* de fama internacional = of international renown.* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.* de felpa = plush.* de fiar = legit.* de fichas = card-based.* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.* de final de año = end-year.* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.* de fin de año = end of the year.* de fin de milenio = millennial.* de forma = in form.* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.* de forma alternativa = alternatively.* de forma anónima = anonymously.* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.* de forma apreciable = markedly.* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.* de forma audible = audibly.* de forma autónoma = autonomously.* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.* de formación = formative.* de forma clara = clearly.* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.* de forma colegiada = collegially.* de forma combinada = in combination.* de forma competitiva = competitively.* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.* de forma completa = in full.* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.* de forma concisa = concisely.* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.* de forma considerable = considerably.* de forma continuada = continuously.* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.* de forma deductiva = deductively.* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.* de forma diferente = differently shaped.* de forma digital = digitally.* de forma divertida = funnily.* de forma económica = cost-effectively.* de forma errática = erratically.* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.* de forma especulativa = speculatively.* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.* de forma federal = federally.* de forma general = widely, bulk.* de forma global = holistically.* de forma graciosa = funnily.* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].* de forma heurística = heuristically.* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.* de forma innata = innately.* de forma irregular = erratically.* de forma lamentable = miserably.* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.* de forma mágica = magically.* de forma mecánica = mechanically.* de forma mordaz = pungently.* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.* de forma negativa = in a negative light.* de forma neutral = neutrally.* de forma notoria = markedly.* de forma opcional = optionally.* de forma óptima = optimally.* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.* de forma poco ética = unethically.* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.* de forma práctica = pragmatically.* de forma precisa = precisely.* de forma provocativa = provocatively.* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.* de forma que = in ways that.* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.* de forma residual = residually.* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.* de forma saludable = healthily.* de forma sana = healthily.* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.* de forma sublime = subliminally.* de forma suscinta = in brief.* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.* de forma tosca = in crude form.* de forma trágica = tragically.* de fotograma completo = full-frame.* de fotograma doble = half-frame.* de frente = head-on, frontal.* de fuera = outside, off-side.* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.* de fuerza = forceful.* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.* de gala = gala.* de Galileo = Galilean.* de Gambia = Gambian.* de gas = gas-powered.* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.* de geofísica = geophysical.* de gestión = managerial, back-office.* de gestión del museo = curatorial.* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.* de grado básico = junior grade.* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de gran belleza = scenic.* de gran calibre = high-calibre.* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.* de gran corazón = big-hearted.* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].* de gran influencia = seminal.* de granja = free-range.* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.* de gran lujo = top-class.* de gran potencia = high-powered.* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.* de gran talento = talented.* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.* de gran venta = high selling.* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.* de guasa = teasingly.* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.* de habla alemana = German-speaking.* de habla francesa = French-speaking.* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.* de hace años = of years ago.* de hace muchos años = long-standing.* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.* de hace siglos = of yore.* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.* de hierbas = herbal.* de hierro = iron, ferric.* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.* de hoja caduca = deciduous.* de hoja perenne = evergreen.* de hojas largas = long-leaved.* de Homero = Homeric.* de hongos = fungal.* de horticultura = horticultural.* de hoy = present-day.* de hoy día = of today.* de hoy en adelante = as from today.* de hoy en día = of today.* de huelga = striking.* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.* de ideas afines = like-minded.* de igual a igual = as a peer.* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.* de igual longitud = of equal length.* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.* de imitación = copycat.* de importancia = of note, of consequence.* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.* de importancia crucial = crucially important.* de importancia fundamental = critically important.* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.* de incalculable valor = priceless.* de incógnito = incognito.* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].* de inmediato = immediately.* de inspiración = inspirational.* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.* de intereses similares = of like interest.* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.* de interés humano = human interest.* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.* de investigación = exploratory.* de isótopos = isotopic.* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.* de Kenia = Kenyan.* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].* de la adolescencia = teenage.* de la alcaldía = mayoral.* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.* de la cara = facial.* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.* de la cóclea = cochlear.* de la columna vertebral = spinal.* de la comedia = comedic.* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.* de la cría de aves = avicultural.* de la duramadre = dural.* de la edad media = dark-age.* de la embajada = ambassadorial.* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.* de la época victoriana = Victorian.* de la espina dorsal = spinal.* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.* de la fóvea = foveal.* de la gama alta = high-end.* de la gama baja = low-end.* de la gama inferior = low-end.* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].* de la malaria = malarial.* de la mama = mammary.* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.* de la marina = marine.* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.* * *I1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house
no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs
su padre de usted — (frml) your father
es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family
2)a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) ofb) ( con apellidos)[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena
los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz
las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)
c) ( en exclamaciones)ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)
3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) fromes de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá
la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period
de... a... — from... to...
4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection
5) (expresando causa, modo)de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time
de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one
6)a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?
la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat
b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?
8)a) (al definir, especificar)¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?
es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce
b) ( sentido partitivo) of¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?
9) ( con sentido ponderativo)lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!
qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!
10)a) ( con cifras)pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%
b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) thancuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100
pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo
un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo)12) ( en calidad de) as13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party
14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by15) ( con sentido condicional)a)de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered
b)ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)
IIes de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...
* * *= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.* abogado de oficio = legal aid.* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.* de... a = through.* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.* de abolengo = well-born.* de abordo = in-flight.* de absorción = absorptive.* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.* de acceso público = publicly accessible.* de acceso rápido = fast-access.* de acceso restringido = closed access.* de acción = action-centered.* de acompañante = in tow.* de actitud = attitudinal.* de actuación = for action.* de actualidad = topical.* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.* de acuerdo a = according to.* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.* de adaptación = adaptive.* de frica = African.* de Africa occidental = West African.* de agua = water-based.* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.* de ahí = therefrom.* de ahí que = hence.* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.* de Alaska = Alaskan.* de Albania = Albanian.* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].* de alcohol = spirit-based.* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.* de algún tipo = of some description.* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.* de alta alcurnia = well-born.* de alta cuna = well-born.* de alta densidad = high-density.* de alta energía = high energy.* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.* de alta potencia = high power.* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* de alta productividad = high-performance.* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.* de alta tensión = heavy-current.* de alta velocidad = high-speed.* de alto abolengo = well-born.* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.* de altura = high, top-notch.* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.* de aluvión = alluvial.* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].* de antigua generación = low-end.* de antiguo = from time immemorial.* de apariencia = cosmetic.* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.* de aquel entonces = of that day.* de aquí para allá = back and forth.* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.* de archivo = archival, archive.* de armas tomar = redoubtable.* de arranque = bootable.* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.* de asesoramiento = consultative.* de aspecto = looking.* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.* de aspecto digno = dignified.* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.* de aspecto solemne = dignified.* de atención básica = preattentive.* de atención primaria = preattentive.* de atrás = rear.* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.* de aupa = royal.* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.* de autogestión = self-managing.* de autoprotección = self-protective.* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].* de baja ralea = ignoble.* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.* de bajo consumo = low energy.* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.* de bajo precio = low-priced.* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.* de balde = for free.* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].* de bienvenida = salutatory.* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.* de bodas = bridal.* de Boole = Boolean.* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.* de broma = humorously, teasingly.* de bronce = brass.* de buena calidad = good-quality.* de buena disposición = good-natured.* de buena fama = of good repute.* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.* de buena reputación = of good repute.* de buenas = on good terms.* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].* de buena voluntad = in good faith.* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.* de buen gusto = tasteful.* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.* de buenos modales = well-mannered.* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].* de buen ver = good looking.* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.* de cachondeo = teasingly.* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.* de cajón = no-brainer.* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.* de campo = free-range.* de campos fijos = fixed-field.* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.* de carácter = in character.* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.* de castigo = punitive.* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.* de cerámica = ceramic.* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].* de cinco días de duración = five-day.* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.* de civil = in plain clothes.* de clasificación = classificatory.* de clausura = cloistered.* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.* de cobre = cupric.* de cojones = badass.* de colegas = collegial, buddying.* de Colombia = Colombian.* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.* de color de bronce = brassy.* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].* de colorines = brightly coloured.* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.* de color rojo = red-coloured.* de color rosa = rose-coloured.* de color verde botella = bottle green.* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.* de cómo = as to how.* de compañeros = collegial.* de complicidad = knowing.* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.* de conceptos = concept-based.* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.* de confirmación = confirmatory.* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.* de conífera = coniferous.* de construcción básica = brick and frame.* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.* de consulta fácil = scannable.* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.* de consumo = consumptive.* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* de contrabando = bootleg.* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.* de Corea = Korean.* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.* de corral = free-range.* de corta duración = short term [short-term].* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.* de coste cero = zero-cost.* de costumbre = usual, usually.* de creación = authorial.* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.* de Crimea = Crimean.* de cristal = glass.* de crucial importancia = crucially important.* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].* de cualquier modo = however, either way.* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.* de Cuba = Cuban.* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.* de densidad doble = double-density.* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.* de derechas = right-wing.* de derecho = de jure [iure].* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.* de desarrollo = developmental.* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.* de desconexión = cut-off.* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.* de desecho = discarded.* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].* de desguace = written-off.* de despedida = valedictory.* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.* de día a día = from day to day.* de diámetro = in diameter.* de diario = everyday.* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.* de diesel = diesel-powered.* de diferente modo = differently.* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].* de difícil solución = intractable.* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.* de dirección = directorial, administrative.* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.* de doble filo = double-edged.* de doble hoja = double-hinged.* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.* de doble uso = dual-use.* de dolor = in pain.* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].* de dos en dos = two at a time.* de dos letras = two-letter.* de dos niveles = two-tier.* de dos páginas = two-page.* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].* de dos patas = two-legged.* de dos piernas = two-legged.* de dos pies = two-legged.* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.* de dos tonos = bitonal.* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.* de duelo = in mourning.* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.* de edad = elderly.* de edad avanzada = over the hill.* de edad escolar = school-age.* de edad mediana = middle-aged.* de edad universitaria = college-age.* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.* de ello = thereof, therefrom.* de ellos = theirs.* de embalsamar = embalming.* de emisor a receptor = downstream.* de encaje = lacy.* de enmienda = amendatory.* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.* de entonces = of the day.* de entreguerras = interwar.* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.* de entretenimiento = recreational.* de envergadura = heavy lifting.* de época = vintage.* de epopeya = epic.* de esa época = of the period.* de escándalo = outrageous.* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.* de eso = thereof.* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.* de especial importancia = of particular note.* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.* de Estonia = Estonian.* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.* de evaluación = evaluative.* de éxito = successful.* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].* de expansión = expanded.* de explotación = exploitative.* de extensión = in length.* de extensión normal = standard-length.* de extremada urgencia = serious.* de fabricación casera = homemade.* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.* de fácil manejo = liftable.* de facto = de facto.* de fama = of note.* de fama internacional = of international renown.* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.* de felpa = plush.* de fiar = legit.* de fichas = card-based.* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.* de final de año = end-year.* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.* de fin de año = end of the year.* de fin de milenio = millennial.* de forma = in form.* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.* de forma alternativa = alternatively.* de forma anónima = anonymously.* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.* de forma apreciable = markedly.* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.* de forma audible = audibly.* de forma autónoma = autonomously.* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.* de formación = formative.* de forma clara = clearly.* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.* de forma colegiada = collegially.* de forma combinada = in combination.* de forma competitiva = competitively.* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.* de forma completa = in full.* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.* de forma concisa = concisely.* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.* de forma considerable = considerably.* de forma continuada = continuously.* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.* de forma deductiva = deductively.* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.* de forma diferente = differently shaped.* de forma digital = digitally.* de forma divertida = funnily.* de forma económica = cost-effectively.* de forma errática = erratically.* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.* de forma especulativa = speculatively.* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.* de forma federal = federally.* de forma general = widely, bulk.* de forma global = holistically.* de forma graciosa = funnily.* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].* de forma heurística = heuristically.* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.* de forma innata = innately.* de forma irregular = erratically.* de forma lamentable = miserably.* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.* de forma mágica = magically.* de forma mecánica = mechanically.* de forma mordaz = pungently.* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.* de forma negativa = in a negative light.* de forma neutral = neutrally.* de forma notoria = markedly.* de forma opcional = optionally.* de forma óptima = optimally.* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.* de forma poco ética = unethically.* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.* de forma práctica = pragmatically.* de forma precisa = precisely.* de forma provocativa = provocatively.* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.* de forma que = in ways that.* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.* de forma residual = residually.* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.* de forma saludable = healthily.* de forma sana = healthily.* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.* de forma sublime = subliminally.* de forma suscinta = in brief.* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.* de forma tosca = in crude form.* de forma trágica = tragically.* de fotograma completo = full-frame.* de fotograma doble = half-frame.* de frente = head-on, frontal.* de fuera = outside, off-side.* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.* de fuerza = forceful.* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.* de gala = gala.* de Galileo = Galilean.* de Gambia = Gambian.* de gas = gas-powered.* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.* de geofísica = geophysical.* de gestión = managerial, back-office.* de gestión del museo = curatorial.* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.* de grado básico = junior grade.* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de gran belleza = scenic.* de gran calibre = high-calibre.* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.* de gran corazón = big-hearted.* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].* de gran influencia = seminal.* de granja = free-range.* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.* de gran lujo = top-class.* de gran potencia = high-powered.* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.* de gran talento = talented.* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.* de gran venta = high selling.* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.* de guasa = teasingly.* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.* de habla alemana = German-speaking.* de habla francesa = French-speaking.* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.* de hace años = of years ago.* de hace muchos años = long-standing.* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.* de hace siglos = of yore.* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.* de hierbas = herbal.* de hierro = iron, ferric.* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.* de hoja caduca = deciduous.* de hoja perenne = evergreen.* de hojas largas = long-leaved.* de Homero = Homeric.* de hongos = fungal.* de horticultura = horticultural.* de hoy = present-day.* de hoy día = of today.* de hoy en adelante = as from today.* de hoy en día = of today.* de huelga = striking.* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.* de ideas afines = like-minded.* de igual a igual = as a peer.* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.* de igual longitud = of equal length.* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.* de imitación = copycat.* de importancia = of note, of consequence.* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.* de importancia crucial = crucially important.* de importancia fundamental = critically important.* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.* de incalculable valor = priceless.* de incógnito = incognito.* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].* de inmediato = immediately.* de inspiración = inspirational.* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.* de intereses similares = of like interest.* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.* de interés humano = human interest.* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.* de investigación = exploratory.* de isótopos = isotopic.* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.* de Kenia = Kenyan.* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].* de la adolescencia = teenage.* de la alcaldía = mayoral.* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.* de la cara = facial.* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.* de la cóclea = cochlear.* de la columna vertebral = spinal.* de la comedia = comedic.* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.* de la cría de aves = avicultural.* de la duramadre = dural.* de la edad media = dark-age.* de la embajada = ambassadorial.* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.* de la época victoriana = Victorian.* de la espina dorsal = spinal.* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.* de la fóvea = foveal.* de la gama alta = high-end.* de la gama baja = low-end.* de la gama inferior = low-end.* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].* de la malaria = malarial.* de la mama = mammary.* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.* de la marina = marine.* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili* * *de1A(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's houseel rey de Francia the king of Franceel cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthdayel cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleaguesno es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirssu padre de usted ( frml); your fatherun amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son'ses un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friendun estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year studentel nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandsonla mesa de la cocina the kitchen tablela correa del perro the dog's leashun avión de Mexair a Mexair planela tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lidlas calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streetsla subida de los precios the rise in pricesal término de la reunión at the end of the meetingBla ciudad de Lima the city of Limael aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airportel mes de enero the month of Januaryel imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brotherel bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her2(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)C(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocenalos señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabadolas señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]DA1(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bankes de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotálo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the librarylo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floormis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from Americahe recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Juliaun hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wifeal salir de la tienda as he left the storeDE … A …:de aquí a tu casa from here to your house2 (en el tiempo) fromun amigo de la infancia a childhood frienddata del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th centuryla literatura de ese período the literature of o from that periodlo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosalesde un día para otro from one day to the nextDE … A …:está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and fivede aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yetB(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old ageverde de envidia green with envyestaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so mucheso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so littleA(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patienceun chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad tasteobjetos de mucho valor objects of great valueun pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?tiene cara de aburrido he looks boredese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mothertienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled childuna botella de un litro a liter bottleun niño de tres meses a three-month-old childdéme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilola chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coatla señora de azul the lady in blueun hombre de pelo largo a man with long hairun anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]B(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany tableuna inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injectionel complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dishson de plástico they're (made of) plasticun curso de secretariado a secretarial coursenos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagneuna colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stampsun millón de dólares a million dollarsC(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!D(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get itaprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom buttonE1(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 studentspagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kiloun número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 293(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blowsubió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a timede a poco (CS); little by little, gradually4(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/foursentraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente2 m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]F (en calidad de) asestá de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private schoolle ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editorhace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the playle habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to manG1(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty facees corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shoulderedes sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide2(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a childH(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad moodestamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]I(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brushel trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silverlo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glassesdales algo de comer give them something to eat¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novelseguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the familyuna casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by treesviene acompañado de arroz it is served with riceacompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wifeA1 (sentido partitivo) of¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mineel mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez childrenun cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink2(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of allla ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the worldB(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at nightduerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at nightsalieron de madrugada they left very early in the morningA DE + INF:de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlierde no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be consideredde continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persistsB SER DE + INF(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …no son de fiar they are not to be trustedes de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of noteCde2* * *
Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)
dé es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
2
‹información/idea› to give
3
4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;
dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to himb) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;
1
‹ dividendos› to pay;
b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;
venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);
¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
( como castigo) to smack sb;
el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …
5 [sol/luz]:
la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;
dárselas de listo to act smartb) (golpearse, pegarse):
se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1a) (pertenencia, posesión):
el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;
una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your houseb) (material, contenido, composición):
una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollarsc) (causa, modo):
dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3a) (cualidades, características):
objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blueb) (al definir, especificar):
tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4a) ( con cifras):◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%
◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;
pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29c) ( con un superlativo):
la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;
dé madrugada early in the morning
5
hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the playb) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):
estamos dé fiesta we're having a partyc) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):
copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see◊ dar
dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time
'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test
* * *1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;es de ella it's hers;la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;el padre de la niña the girl's father;el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;un equipo de segunda división a second division team;la comida del gato the cat's food;el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;la pata de la mesa the table leg;una subida de precios a price rise;los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro2. [procedencia, distancia] from;salir de casa to leave home;soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;el rey de España the king of Spain;tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona3. [en razonamiento]de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't workel túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagenala señora de verde the lady in green;el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;¿de qué tamaño? what size?;un político de fiar a trustworthy politician6. [materia] (made) of;un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;un reloj de oro a gold watch;una mesa de madera a wooden tableun plato de lentejas a plate of lentils8. [precio]he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stampropa de deporte sportswear;una máquina de escribir a typewriter;una máquina de coser a sewing machine;esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes10. [asunto] about;hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;libros de historia history books11. [en calidad de] as;trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade12. [tiempo] [desde] from;[durante] in;trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;de madrugada early in the morning;a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;es de día it's daytime;de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;un compañero del colegio a friend from school;Urugde mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;Urugde noche at night;Urugayer salimos de noche we went out last night13. [causa] with;morirse de hambre to die of hunger;llorar de alegría to cry with joy;temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much14. [manera, modo] with;de una patada with a kick;rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;de una sola vez in one go;lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;CSurde fácil manejo user-friendly;ponerse de rodillas to kneel down15. [con valor partitivo] of;uno de los nuestros one of ours;varios de nosotros several of us;¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?17. [en valoración]lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgaryo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her19. [en comparaciones][con superlativos]más/menos de… more/less than…;el mejor de todos the best of all;el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;la buena de Susana good old Susana;¡pobre de mí! poor me!22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable eveninghas de gastar menos you should spend less24. (antes de complemento agente)una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)la fila de delante the front row♦ de no loc conjAm otherwise;dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you* * *deprp1 origen from;de Nueva York from New York;de … a from … to2 posesión of;el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car3 material (made) of;un anillo de oro a gold ring4 contenido of;un vaso de agua a glass of water5 cualidad:una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman6 causa with;temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear7 hora:de noche at night, by night;de día by daytrabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;de niño as a child9 agente by;de Goya by Goya10 condición if;de haberlo sabido if I’d known11 en aposición:la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima* * *de prep1) : ofla casa de Pepe: Pepe's houseun niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy2) : fromes de Managua: she's from Managuasalió del edificio: he left the building3) : in, ata las tres de la mañana: at three in the morningsalen de noche: they go out at night4) : thanmás de tres: more than threedé dar* * *de prep1. (posesión de alguien) 's2. (posesión de algo) of3. (materia)4. (contenido) of5. (materia, tema)6. (origen, procedencia) from7. (descripción) with / in8. (agente) by10. (con números, una parte) than / of -
19 gritar
v.1 to shout (hablar alto).no grites tanto, habla más bajo don't shout so much, lower your voice a bitgritó de dolor he screamed in painMaría gritó como nunca Mary shouted as never before.El camionero gritó improperios The truck driver shouted insults.2 to shout or yell at.¡no me grites! don't shout or yell at me!3 to shout at, to bellow at, to bark at, to bawl at.María le gritó a Ricardo Mary shouted at Richard.* * *■ ¡no me grites! don't shout at me!* * *verbto shout, cry, scream* * *1. VI1) (=dar voces) to shout¡no grites! — don't shout!
no me grites, que no estoy sorda — don't shout, I'm not deaf
¡no le grites a tu madre! — don't shout at your mother!
2) (=chillar) to scream3) (=abuchear) to jeer2.VT [+ instrucciones, órdenes] to shout* * *1.verbo intransitivo to shout2.gritarle a alguien — to shout at somebody; ( para llamarlo) to shout (out) to somebody
gritar vt to shout- cuidado! -gritó — watch out! - she shouted o cried
* * *= cry (out), screech, shout, bellow, scream, yell, howl, call out, yelp, shriek, holler.Ex. 'Good grief!', he cried, catching sight of the clock.Ex. They laughed and screeched and mocked as long as I went on swearing.Ex. 'Didn't Justine Asadorian in the order department used to work in serials?' she almost shouted, with a sudden access of excitement.Ex. As when 'Spider!' is bellowed at someone who does not exactly care for arachnids = Como cuando se le grita "¡Una araña!" a alguien que no se asusta de los arácnidos.Ex. What's the ordinary response if you're a red-blooded American consumer? I mean, you scream like hell and run to the store and demand your money back.Ex. 'I don't want your help, I tell you!' I yelled at him.Ex. If we do not listen to other people whispering their prayers today we may have to meet them tomorrow when they are howling their war cries.Ex. It was our morning watch; when, soon after the day began to break, a man on the forecastle called out, 'Land ho!'.Ex. He yelped in pain and she grabbed his wrists and pinned his arms to the floor.Ex. At most summer camps, children shriek, laugh and generally make a ruckus.Ex. When McCall finished his book by saying, 'It makes me wanna holler and throw up my hands,' he almost described my reaction perfectly.----* gritar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* gritar como un condenado = scream like + a banshee.* gritar como un loco = shout + Posesivo + head off, scream + Posesivo + head off, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + head, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* gritar desaforadamente = shout + Posesivo + head off, scream + Posesivo + head off, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs.* gritar desaforamente = scream at + the top of + Posesivo + head.* * *1.verbo intransitivo to shout2.gritarle a alguien — to shout at somebody; ( para llamarlo) to shout (out) to somebody
gritar vt to shout- cuidado! -gritó — watch out! - she shouted o cried
* * *= cry (out), screech, shout, bellow, scream, yell, howl, call out, yelp, shriek, holler.Ex: 'Good grief!', he cried, catching sight of the clock.
Ex: They laughed and screeched and mocked as long as I went on swearing.Ex: 'Didn't Justine Asadorian in the order department used to work in serials?' she almost shouted, with a sudden access of excitement.Ex: As when 'Spider!' is bellowed at someone who does not exactly care for arachnids = Como cuando se le grita "¡Una araña!" a alguien que no se asusta de los arácnidos.Ex: What's the ordinary response if you're a red-blooded American consumer? I mean, you scream like hell and run to the store and demand your money back.Ex: 'I don't want your help, I tell you!' I yelled at him.Ex: If we do not listen to other people whispering their prayers today we may have to meet them tomorrow when they are howling their war cries.Ex: It was our morning watch; when, soon after the day began to break, a man on the forecastle called out, 'Land ho!'.Ex: He yelped in pain and she grabbed his wrists and pinned his arms to the floor.Ex: At most summer camps, children shriek, laugh and generally make a ruckus.Ex: When McCall finished his book by saying, 'It makes me wanna holler and throw up my hands,' he almost described my reaction perfectly.* gritar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* gritar como un condenado = scream like + a banshee.* gritar como un loco = shout + Posesivo + head off, scream + Posesivo + head off, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + head, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* gritar desaforadamente = shout + Posesivo + head off, scream + Posesivo + head off, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs.* gritar desaforamente = scream at + the top of + Posesivo + head.* * *gritar [A1 ]vito shoutno hace falta que grites there's no need to shout o yella fuerza de gritar se quedó ronco he shouted himself hoarsegritaba de terror/dolor he was shrieking o screaming with terror/paingritaba de alegría she was shouting o whooping for joyempezó a gritar pidiendo ayuda he started crying out o yelling o shouting for helpgritaba como un desaforado he was screaming o shrieking at the top of his voicele grité pero no me oyó I shouted to her but she didn't hear me¡a mí no me grites! don't you shout o yell at me!■ gritarvtto shoutlos manifestantes gritaban consignas en contra del gobierno the demonstrators were shouting anti-government slogans-¡cuidado! -gritó watch out! she shouted o criedme gritó una serie de insultos he shouted o hurled a series of insults at mele fui gritando instrucciones desde la ventana I shouted instructions to him from the window* * *
gritar ( conjugate gritar) verbo intransitivo
to shout;◊ no hace falta que grites there's no need to shout o yell;
gritar de dolor to scream with pain;
gritar de alegría to shout for joy;
gritar pidiendo ayuda to shout for help;
gritarle a algn to shout at sb;
( para llamarlo) to shout (out) to sb
verbo transitivo
to shout
gritar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to shout
Normalmente, cuando quieres gritar a alguien, debes usar la preposición to: Me gritó desde la otra acera. He shouted to me from the other pavement. Sin embargo, si quieres gritar con enfado, debes usar la preposición at: No tienes que gritarme. You don't have to shout at me. También podrías emplear el verbo to cry out, pero recuerda que indica miedo o sorpresa.
' gritar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
berrear
- bramar
- delante
- de
- desaforado
- desesperación
- ronco
English:
bawl
- bellow
- bored
- call
- call out
- cry
- cry out
- exclaim
- holler
- scream
- shout
- shout out
- stop
- together
- whoop
- would
- yell
- bark
- chant
- clamor
- polite
- shriek
* * *♦ vi1. [hablar alto] to shout;no grites tanto, habla más bajo don't shout so much, lower your voice a bit2. [chillar] to scream, to yell;gritó de dolor he cried in pain;gritó de alegría he shouted for joy♦ vt“¡no cruces!”, me gritó "don't cross!" he shouted at me2. [reñir] to shout o yell at;¡no me grites, que no fue culpa mía! don't shout o yell at me, it wasn't my fault!;no me gusta que me griten I don't like being shouted at* * *v/t & v/i shout, yell* * *gritar v: to shout, to scream, to cry* * *gritar vb to shout -
20 ex
ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:I.qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.In space.A.Prop.:2.interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14:influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,
id. ib. 2, 19:visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,
Tib. 1, 1, 38:clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:3.ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:picis e caelo demissum flumen,
Lucr. 6, 257:equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:cecidisse ex equo dicitur,
Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:e curru trahitur,
id. Rep. 2, 41:e curru desilit,
Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—In an upward direction, from, above:B.collis paululum ex planitie editus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:globum terrae eminentem e mari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,
Liv. 6, 2.—Transf.1.To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:2.ex Aethiopia est usque haec,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:quod erat ex eodem municipio,
Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:Philocrates ex Alide,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:ex Aethiopia ancillula,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:negotiator ex Africa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:Epicurei e Graecia,
id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 27:ex India elephanti,
Liv. 35, 32:civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:meretrix e proxumo,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),
Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:ex spelunca saxum,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6:saxum ex capitolio,
Liv. 35, 21, 6:ex equo cadere,
Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:II.a summo caelo despicere,
Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:de vertice montis despicere,
id. M. 11, 503); cf.:T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,
Suet. Tib. 33:ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:ex vinculis causam dicere,
id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.also: ex fuga,
during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.In time.A.From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):2.Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,
Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,ex consulatu,
Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:ex praetura,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:ex dictatura,
Liv. 10, 5 fin.:ex eo magistratu,
Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,
Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:statim e somno lavantur,
id. G. 22:tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,
Quint. 6, 2, 35:mulier ex partu si, etc.,
Cels. 2, 8:ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,
Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:ex quo obses Romae fuit,
since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,
Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):aliam rem ex alia cogitare,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,
Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:diem ex die ducere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;B.for the passage,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,
Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,
Capitol. Gord. 22:duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,
id. ib.:mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,
Amm. 14, 7, 9:Serenianus ex duce,
id. 14, 7, 7:INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,
Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,
i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):C.bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,
id. Phil. 1, 1:ex aeterno tempore,
id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:ex hoc die,
id. Rep. 1, 16:motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,
from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,
Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:ex ea die ad hanc diem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,
id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,
id. H. 1, 29:sextus mensis est, ex quo,
Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,ex eo,
Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:ex illo,
Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:III.Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,
id. Verr. 1, 10:ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,
id. Att. 5, 21, 9.In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.A.With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:B.solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,
Cic. Lael. 13, 47:ex omni populo deligendi potestas,
id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:agro ex hoste capto,
Liv. 41, 14, 3:cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:ex populo Romano bona accipere,
Sall. J. 102:majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:quaesierat ex me Scipio,
id. ib. 1, 13:ex te requirunt,
id. ib. 2, 38:de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,
id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,
id. Att. 6, 9, 3:ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,
id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:vocare,
Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:2.qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:e vectoribus sorte ductus,
id. Rep. 1, 34:ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,
id. Rab. Post. 17:homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:unus ex illis decemviris,
id. ib. 2, 37:ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,
id. Lael. 4, 15:aliquis ex vobis,
id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;reliquum, argentum,
this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),
id. Rep. 2, 36:virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,
Flor. 1, 13, 12:alia ex hoc quaestu,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,
Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 3:est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,
id. Rep. 2, 40:Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,
Tac. G. 29:acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,
Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,
id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):C.has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,
Cels. 4, 20:ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,
Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:D.fenestrae e viminibus factae,
Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:statua ex aere facta,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,
id. Div. 1, 24:substramen e palea,
Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:monilia e gemmis,
Suet. Calig. 56:farina ex faba,
Cels. 5, 28:potiones ex absinthio,
id. ib. et saep.:Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,
Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,
id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,
id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):E.resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,
Cels. 3, 23:aqua ex lauro decocta,
id. 4, 2; cf.:farina tritici ex aceto cocta,
Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,
Cels. 4, 4:nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),
id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:bacae e viridi rubentes,
Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,
id. ib. §132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,
id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:e viridi pallens,
id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:apes ex aureolo variae,
Col. 9, 3, 2:sucus ex austero dulcis,
Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:ex dulci acre,
id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,
Cic. Clu. 26.—To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:2.cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33:ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,
id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:ex vulnere aeger,
id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:ex renibus laborare,
id. Tusc. 2, 25:ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,
Liv. 25, 26:ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,
Quint. 8, 33, 66:gravida e Pamphilo est,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?
id. ib. 3, 2, 17:ex se nati,
Cic. Rep. 1, 35:ex quodam conceptus,
id. ib. 2, 21:ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,
id. ib. 1, 44:ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,
id. ib. et saep.:ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,
Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,
id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,
Sall. J. 48, 2:veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,
id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,
Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,
Liv. 2, 50:ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,
i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,
id. ib. 6, 10:quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,
id. Phil. 6, 1:ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,
id. Lael. 13, 46:ex quo fit, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 43:e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,
Flor. 4, 10, 8:ex nausea vomitus,
Cels. 4, 5:ex hac clade atrox ira,
Liv. 2, 51, 6:metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,
Tac. A. 11, 20:ex legato timor,
id. Agr. 16 et saep.—In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:F.cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,
id. 1, 7, 1:nomen ex vitio positum,
Ov. F. 2, 601:quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,
id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:e nomine (nominibus),
id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:G.si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,
Lucr. 1, 186:dii ex hominibus facti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 10:ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,
id. ib. 1, 45:nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,
id. Part. 17; cf.:ex exsule consul,
id. Manil. 4, 46:ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,
Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:ex alto sapore excitati,
Curt. 7, 11, 18.—Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:H.ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:aliquid facere bene et e re publica,
for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:e (not ex) re publica,
id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:exque re publica,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:non ex usu nostro est,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:ex utilitate,
Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:ex nullius injuria,
Liv. 45, 44, 11.—To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:I.(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,
Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,
id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:ex senatus sententia,
id. Fam. 12, 4:ex collegii sententia,
Liv. 4, 53:ex amicorum sententia,
id. 40, 29:ex consilii sententia,
id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,
according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:ex senatus consulto,
Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:ex edicto, ex decreto,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:ex lege,
id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:ex foedere,
Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,ex more,
Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:ex consuetudine,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:ex sua libidine moderantur,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,
Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,
Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,
id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,
Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;attingit etiam bellicam,
Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;► Ex placed after its noun: variis ex, Lucr.ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.
2, 791:IV.terris ex,
id. 6, 788:quibus e sumus uniter apti,
id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:que sacra quercu,
Verg. E. 7, 13.In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—B.Signification.1.Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—2.Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.
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